Shen Hongjie, Xu Wenqi, Lan Fei
Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Shanghai Ministry of Education, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Exp Mol Med. 2017 Apr 28;49(4):e325. doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.57.
Post-translational modifications, such as methylation, acetylation and phosphorylation, of histone proteins play important roles in regulating dynamic chromatin structure. Histone demethylation has become one of the most active research areas of epigenetics in the past decade. To date, with the exception of histone H3 lysine 79 methylation, the demethylases for all major lysine methylation sites have been discovered. These enzymes have been shown to be involved in various biological processes, with embryonic development being an exciting emerging area. This review will primarily discuss the involvement of these demethylases in the regulation of mammalian embryonic development, including their roles in embryonic stem cell pluripotency, primordial germ cell (PGC) formation and maternal-to-zygotic transition.
组蛋白的翻译后修饰，如甲基化、乙酰化和磷酸化，在调节动态染色质结构中发挥着重要作用。在过去十年中，组蛋白去甲基化已成为表观遗传学最活跃的研究领域之一。迄今为止，除组蛋白H3赖氨酸79甲基化外，所有主要赖氨酸甲基化位点的去甲基酶均已被发现。这些酶已被证明参与各种生物学过程，胚胎发育是一个令人兴奋的新兴领域。本综述将主要讨论这些去甲基酶在哺乳动物胚胎发育调控中的作用，包括它们在胚胎干细胞多能性、原始生殖细胞（PGC）形成和母源-合子转变中的作用。
