Bhuyan Deep Jyoti, Sakoff Jennette, Bond Danielle R, Predebon Melanie, Vuong Quan V, Chalmers Anita C, van Altena Ian A, Bowyer Michael C, Scarlett Christopher J
Pancreatic Cancer Research Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, 10 Chittaway Rd, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258, Australia.
School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, 10 Chittaway Rd, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258, Australia.
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2017 Aug;53(7):604-615. doi: 10.1007/s11626-017-0149-y. Epub 2017 Apr 27.
In spite of the recent advancements in oncology, the overall survival rate for pancreatic cancer has not improved over the last five decades. Eucalypts have been linked with cytotoxic and anticancer properties in various studies; however, there is very little scientific evidence that supports the direct role of eucalypts in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. This study assessed the anticancer properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of four Eucalyptus species using an MTT assay. The most promising extracts were further evaluated using a CCK-8 assay. Apoptotic studies were performed using a caspase 3/7 assay in MIA PaCa-2 cells. The aqueous extract of Eucalyptus microcorys leaf and the ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus microcorys fruit inhibited the growth of glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, lung and pancreatic cancer cells by more than 80% at 100 μg/mL. The E. microcorys and Eucalyptus saligna extracts showed lower GI values than the ethanolic Eucalyptus robusta extract in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Aqueous E. microcorys leaf and fruit extracts at 100 μg/mL exerted significantly higher cell growth inhibition in MIA PaCa-2 cells than other extracts (p < 0.05). Statistically similar IC values (p > 0.05) were observed in aqueous E. microcorys leaf (86.05 ± 4.75 μg/mL) and fruit (64.66 ± 15.97 μg/mL) and ethanolic E. microcorys leaf (79.30 ± 29.45 μg/mL) extracts in MIA PaCa-2 cells using the CCK-8 assay. Caspase 3/7-mediated apoptosis and morphological changes of cells were also witnessed in MIA PaCa-2 cells after 24 h of treatment with the extracts. This study highlighted the significance of E. microcorys as an important source of phytochemicals with efficacy against pancreatic cancer cells. Further studies are warranted to purify and structurally identify individual compounds and elucidate their mechanisms of action for the development of more potent and specific chemotherapeutic agents for pancreatic cancer.
尽管肿瘤学领域最近取得了进展，但在过去五十年中，胰腺癌的总体生存率并未提高。在各种研究中，桉属植物已被证明具有细胞毒性和抗癌特性；然而，几乎没有科学证据支持桉属植物在胰腺癌治疗中的直接作用。本研究使用MTT法评估了四种桉属植物水提取物和乙醇提取物的抗癌特性。对最有前景的提取物进一步使用CCK - 8法进行评估。在MIA PaCa - 2细胞中使用caspase 3/7法进行凋亡研究。细叶桉树叶水提取物和细叶桉果实乙醇提取物在100μg/mL时对胶质母细胞瘤、神经母细胞瘤、肺癌和胰腺癌细胞的生长抑制率超过80%。在MIA PaCa - 2细胞中，细叶桉和柳叶桉提取物的GI值低于粗壮桉乙醇提取物。100μg/mL的细叶桉树叶和果实水提取物在MIA PaCa - 2细胞中对细胞生长的抑制作用明显高于其他提取物（p < 0.05）。使用CCK - 8法在MIA PaCa - 2细胞中观察到，细叶桉树叶水提取物（86.05±4.75μg/mL）、果实水提取物（64.66±15.97μg/mL）和细叶桉树叶乙醇提取物（79.30±29.45μg/mL）的IC值在统计学上相似（p > 0.05）。在用提取物处理24小时后的MIA PaCa - 2细胞中也观察到了caspase 3/7介导的细胞凋亡和细胞形态变化。本研究强调了细叶桉作为具有抗胰腺癌细胞功效的植物化学物质重要来源的意义。有必要进一步开展研究，以纯化和结构鉴定单个化合物，并阐明其作用机制，从而开发出更有效、更具特异性的胰腺癌化疗药物。
