Duruz Solange, Flury Christine, Matasci Giona, Joerin Florent, Widmer Ivo, Joost Stéphane
Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2017 Apr 28;12(4):e0176362. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176362. eCollection 2017.
In 2007, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) initiated the Global plan of action for Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAnGR). The main goal of this plan is to reduce further loss of genetic diversity in farm animals, so as to protect and promote the diversity of farm animal resources. An important step to reach this goal is to monitor and prioritize endangered breeds in the context of conservation programs.
METHODOLOGY/WEB PORTAL IMPLEMENTATION: The GENMON WebGIS platform is able to monitor FAnGR and to evaluate the degree of endangerment of livestock breeds. The system takes into account pedigree and introgression information, the geographical concentration of animals, the cryo-conservation plan and the sustainability of breeding activities based on socio-economic data as well as present and future land use conditions. A multi-criteria decision tool supports the aggregation of the multi-thematic indices mentioned above using the MACBETH method, which is based on a weighted average using satisfaction thresholds. GENMON is a monitoring tool to reach subjective decisions made by a government agency. It relies on open source software and is available at http://lasigsrv2.epfl.ch/genmon-ch.
RESULTS/SIGNIFICANCE: GENMON allows users to upload pedigree-information (animal ID, parents, birthdate, sex, location and introgression) from a specific livestock breed and to define species and/or region-specific weighting parameters and thresholds. The program then completes a pedigree analysis and derives several indices that are used to calculate an integrated score of conservation prioritization for the breeds under investigation. The score can be visualized on a geographic map and allows a fast, intuitive and regional identification of breeds in danger. Appropriate conservation actions and breeding programs can thus be undertaken in order to promote the recovery of the genetic diversity in livestock breeds in need. The use of the platform is illustrated by means of an example based on three local livestock breeds from different species in Switzerland.
2007年，联合国粮食及农业组织（粮农组织）发起了《农场动物遗传资源全球行动计划》。该计划的主要目标是进一步减少农场动物遗传多样性的丧失，以保护和促进农场动物资源的多样性。实现这一目标的重要一步是在保护计划的背景下监测濒危品种并确定其优先次序。
方法/网络平台实施：GENMON网络地理信息系统平台能够监测农场动物遗传资源并评估家畜品种的濒危程度。该系统考虑了系谱和基因渗入信息、动物的地理集中情况、冷冻保存计划以及基于社会经济数据以及当前和未来土地利用条件的育种活动的可持续性。一个多标准决策工具支持使用MACBETH方法汇总上述多主题指标，该方法基于使用满意度阈值的加权平均值。GENMON是一个监测工具，用于达成政府机构做出的主观决策。它依赖开源软件，可在http://lasigsrv2.epfl.ch/genmon-ch获取。
结果/意义：GENMON允许用户上传特定家畜品种的系谱信息（动物ID、父母、出生日期、性别、地点和基因渗入情况），并定义物种和/或区域特定的加权参数和阈值。然后，该程序完成系谱分析，并得出几个指标，用于计算所调查品种的保护优先次序综合得分。该得分可以在地理地图上可视化，从而快速、直观且按区域识别濒危品种。因此，可以采取适当的保护行动和育种计划，以促进需要保护的家畜品种的遗传多样性恢复。通过基于瑞士三个不同物种的本地家畜品种的示例说明了该平台的使用情况。
