Epidemiol Rev. 2017 Jan 1;39(1):71-92. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxx007.
The combination of an increasing number of new cancer cases and improving survival rates has led to a large and rapidly growing population with unique health-care requirements. Exercise has been proposed as a strategy to help address the issues faced by cancer patients. Supported by a growing body of research, major health organizations commonly identify the importance of incorporating exercise in cancer care and advise patients to be physically active. This systematic review comprehensively summarizes the available epidemiologic and randomized controlled trial evidence investigating the role of exercise in the management of cancer. Literature searches focused on determining the potential impact of exercise on 1) cancer mortality and recurrence and 2) adverse effects of cancer and its treatment. A total of 100 studies were reviewed involving thousands of individual patients whose exercise behavior was assessed following the diagnosis of any type of cancer. Compared with patients who performed no/less exercise, patients who exercised following a diagnosis of cancer were observed to have a lower relative risk of cancer mortality and recurrence and experienced fewer/less severe adverse effects. The findings of this review support the view that exercise is an important adjunct therapy in the management of cancer. Implications on cancer care policy and practice are discussed.
不断增加的新发癌症病例和生存率的提高，导致了一个庞大且快速增长的人群，他们有着独特的医疗保健需求。运动被提议作为一种策略，以帮助解决癌症患者面临的问题。越来越多的研究支持这一观点，主要的健康组织通常都认识到在癌症护理中纳入运动的重要性，并建议患者保持身体活跃。本系统综述全面总结了现有的流行病学和随机对照试验证据，这些证据调查了运动在癌症管理中的作用。文献检索的重点是确定运动对以下两个方面的潜在影响：1）癌症死亡率和复发率，2）癌症及其治疗的不良反应。共审查了 100 项研究，涉及数千名个体患者，这些患者在被诊断出患有任何类型的癌症后，其运动行为得到了评估。与不运动或运动较少的患者相比，被诊断出癌症后运动的患者癌症死亡率和复发的相对风险较低，并且经历的不良反应较少或较轻。本综述的研究结果支持这样一种观点，即运动是癌症管理中的一种重要辅助治疗方法。还讨论了对癌症护理政策和实践的影响。
