Foroutan Masoud, Khademvatan Shahram, Majidiani Hamidreza, Khalkhali Hamidreza, Hedayati-Rad Faezeh, Khashaveh Shahla, Mohammadzadeh Habib
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Cellular and Molecular Research Center & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Acta Trop. 2017 Aug;172:164-172. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.04.022. Epub 2017 Apr 25.
Leishmaniasis are diverse group of diseases caused by numerous species of genus Leishmania. Herein we have contrived a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of Leishmania species in rodents of Iran. For this purpose, following the general methodology recommended for systematic reviews and meta-analysis, six English databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Ovid, Web of Science and Google Scholar) and four Persian databases (Magiran, SID, Iran Doc and Iran Medex) were explored during January 1995 till June 2015. Papers were selected based on 8 pre-defined inclusion criteria. During the years, a total number of 4485 different rodents were captured; among which 1291 cases were Leishmania positive. The calculated weighted prevalence of Leishmania species in rodents was 23% (95% CI=18-28). Given geographical zones of Iran, the highest and lowest prevalence rate was belonged to North 50% (95% CI=40-61) and West 11% (95% CI=5-17), respectively. Rhombomys opimus (1766), Meriones lybicus (1258) and Tatera indica (488) were the three most abundant captured rodents, while the highest prevalence of Leishmania species was observed in Nesokia indica 48% (95% CI=42-54) and followed by R. opimus 39% (95% CI=30-47). Egger's regression test was performed to detect publication bias, which revealed it may not have a significant influence on overall weighted prevalence estimate (P=0.317). Meta-regression analysis demonstrated that there is no significant relationship between overall prevalence with sample size (P=0.1) and year of publication (P=0.7). The results showed remarkable prevalence of Leishmania species in rodent reservoirs. In future, adopting a suitable strategy for control and combat with rodents is necessary.
利什曼病是由多种利什曼原虫属物种引起的一组多样的疾病。在此，我们对伊朗啮齿动物中利什曼原虫物种的流行情况进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。为此，按照系统综述和荟萃分析推荐的一般方法，在1995年1月至2015年6月期间，对6个英文数据库（PubMed、Science Direct、Scopus、Ovid、Web of Science和Google Scholar）和4个波斯语数据库（Magiran、SID、Iran Doc和Iran Medex）进行了检索。根据8个预先定义的纳入标准选择论文。这些年里，共捕获了4485只不同的啮齿动物；其中1291例利什曼原虫检测呈阳性。计算得出啮齿动物中利什曼原虫物种的加权流行率为23%（95%置信区间=18 - 28）。就伊朗的地理区域而言，最高和最低流行率分别属于北部的50%（95%置信区间=40 - 61）和西部的11%（95%置信区间=5 - 17）。大沙鼠（1766只）、利比亚沙鼠（1258只）和印度地鼠（488只）是捕获数量最多的三种啮齿动物，而利什曼原虫物种在印度长爪沙鼠中的流行率最高，为48%（95%置信区间=42 - 54），其次是大沙鼠，为39%（95%置信区间=30 - 47）。进行了埃格回归检验以检测发表偏倚，结果显示其可能对总体加权流行率估计没有显著影响（P = 0.317）。荟萃回归分析表明，总体流行率与样本量（P = 0.1）和发表年份（P = 0.7）之间没有显著关系。结果显示利什曼原虫物种在啮齿动物宿主中的流行率很高。未来，有必要采取适当的策略来控制和对抗啮齿动物。
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