Karmaoui Ahmed, Ben Salem Abdelkrim, Sereno Denis, El Jaafari Samir, Hajji Lhoussain
Bioactives (Health and environmental lab, epigenetics team, Univercity Moulay Ismail), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Errachidia (UMI), & Southern Center for Culture and Science, Morocco.
Research Center BioBio, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat and Southern Center for Culture and Science, Morocco.
Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2022 Mar 4;17:e00247. doi: 10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00247. eCollection 2022 May.
Rodents play a significant role in the balance of a terrestrial ecosystem; they are considered prey for many predators like owls and snakes. However, they present a high risk to agriculture (damaging crops) and health. These rodents are the main reservoirs of some vector-borne diseases like leishmaniasis. (MS) and (PO) are the primary Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) reservoirs in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). A review on the MS and PO at the MENA scale was explored. A database of about 1500 papers was used. 38 sites were investigated as foci for MS and 36 sites for PO, and 83 sites of Phlebotomus papatasi (Pp) in the studied region. An updated map at the regional scale and the trend of the reservoir distribution was carried out using a performing proper density analysis. In this paper, climatic conditions and habitat characteristics of these two reservoirs were reviewed. The association of rodent density with some climatic variables is another aspect explored in a case study from Tunisia in the period 2009-2015 using Pearson correlation. Lastly, the protection and control measures of the reservoir were analyzed. The high concentration of the MS, PO, and Pp can be used as an indicator to identify the high-risk area of leishmaniasis infection.
啮齿动物在陆地生态系统的平衡中起着重要作用；它们被认为是许多捕食者（如猫头鹰和蛇）的猎物。然而，它们对农业（损害农作物）和健康构成了高风险。这些啮齿动物是一些媒介传播疾病（如利什曼病）的主要宿主。小家鼠（MS）和大沙鼠（PO）是中东和北非（MENA）地区人畜共患皮肤利什曼病（ZCL）的主要宿主。对中东和北非地区的小家鼠和大沙鼠进行了综述。使用了一个约1500篇论文的数据库。调查了38个小家鼠疫源地和36个大沙鼠疫源地，以及研究区域内83个巴氏白蛉（Pp）栖息地。通过进行适当的密度分析，绘制了区域尺度的更新地图以及宿主分布趋势图。本文综述了这两种宿主的气候条件和栖息地特征。在2009 - 2015年突尼斯的一个案例研究中，利用皮尔逊相关性探讨了啮齿动物密度与一些气候变量的关联。最后，分析了宿主保护和控制措施。小家鼠、大沙鼠和巴氏白蛉的高浓度可作为识别利什曼病感染高风险区域的指标。
