Jordanova Maja, Rebok Katerina, Dragun Zrinka, Ramani Sheriban, Ivanova Lozenka, Kostov Vasil, Valić Damir, Krasnići Nesrete, Marijić Vlatka Filipović, Kapetanović Damir
Department for cytology, histology and embryology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Arhimedova 3, Skopje, 1000, Macedonia.
Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, 10002, Croatia.
Microsc Res Tech. 2017 Aug;80(8):930-935. doi: 10.1002/jemt.22884. Epub 2017 Apr 28.
Pollution with heavy metals may influence the immune system of fish, leading to impairment of their health or even increase their mortality. The fish kidney is one of the first fish organs to be affected by water contamination. Amounts of kidney macrophages (MACs), which are involved in fish immune response, as well as the qualitative and quantitative changes in the pigmented MACs in fish kidney, are used as biomarkers of pollution. Therefore, in this study, we have evaluated relative and total volumes of trunk kidney pigmented MACs, and analyzed the pigments accumulated within them. Fish were sampled from two mining impacted rivers, Kriva and Zletovska, highly contaminated with heavy metals, and from one reference river, Bregalnica, in spring and autumn of 2012. We have observed that main pigments found in kidney MACs of Vardar chub were melanin and lipofuscin/ceroid, as well as that relative volumes of MACs ranged from 0.56 to 1.68%. Moreover, the results showed that relative volumes of pigmented MACs were higher in metal contaminated rivers, especially in autumn season in the Zletovska River, concurrently with extremely high metal exposure. In addition, condition factors and kidney somatic indices were found significantly lower in the Zletovska River in both seasons, autumn and spring, possibly also as a consequence of high water pollution. Our data confirm that increase in relative volumes of pigmented MACs may serve as warning sign of potential heavy metal pollution in aquatic environment.
重金属污染可能会影响鱼类的免疫系统，导致其健康受损甚至死亡率增加。鱼的肾脏是最早受到水污染影响的鱼器官之一。参与鱼类免疫反应的肾脏巨噬细胞（MACs）数量，以及鱼肾脏中色素沉着MACs的质和量的变化，被用作污染的生物标志物。因此，在本研究中，我们评估了躯干肾脏色素沉着MACs的相对体积和总体积，并分析了其中积累的色素。2012年春季和秋季，从两条受采矿影响、重金属污染严重的河流——克里瓦河和兹莱托夫斯卡河，以及一条对照河流——布雷加尔尼察河采集鱼类样本。我们观察到，瓦尔达尔雅罗鱼肾脏MACs中发现的主要色素是黑色素和脂褐素/类蜡质，并且MACs的相对体积在0.56%至1.68%之间。此外，结果表明，在受金属污染的河流中，色素沉着MACs的相对体积更高，特别是在兹莱托夫斯卡河的秋季，同时金属暴露量极高。此外，在兹莱托夫斯卡河的秋季和春季两个季节中，均发现状况因子和肾脏体指数显著较低，这可能也是高水污染的结果。我们的数据证实，色素沉着MACs相对体积的增加可能是水生环境中潜在重金属污染的警示信号。
