Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Materials Chemistry, Laboratory for Ichtyopathology - Biological Materials, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2015 Aug;118:158-166. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.027. Epub 2015 May 4.
Quantification of histopathological alterations in the gills of Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis Karaman) was performed in 2012 in rivers of north-eastern Macedonia, with the aim to examine the effects of water quality in the rivers (Zletovska and Kriva River-impacted by active Pb/Zn mines; Bregalnica River-contaminated by agricultural waste). The biological alterations in chub were classified as: circulatory disturbances, regressive and progressive changes, but their severity differed. Altogether the mildest changes were observed in the gills of chub from the Bregalnica River, a less polluted river, whereas mining impacted rivers were characterized by more severe alterations. In the gills of chub from the Zletovska River, which is highly contaminated with numerous metals, sulphates and chlorides, the highest lesion indices were found for the regressive changes of both epithelium and supporting tissue, with typical lesions referring to atrophy, thinning and lifting of epithelial cells, necrosis of epithelium and chloride cells, as well as deformations of lamellar cartilaginous base. Gill damages of chub from the Kriva River were overall milder compared to the Zletovska River, in accordance with pollution status. In the gills of chub from that river, progressive changes were more pronounced, specifically severe hyperplasia of mucous cells and epithelium in the interlammellar space, leading to fusion of lamellae, as well as hypertrophy of chloride cells. The comparison between seasons indicated higher intensity of progressive changes in all three rivers in autumn, when water level was very low, and consequently, water contamination was more pronounced due to concentration effect. The pattern and severity of histopathological alterations in the chub gills reflected differences in contamination levels and type of contaminants in different rivers and sampling periods, and thus have been proven as a valuable indicator of water quality.
2012 年，在马其顿东北部的河流中对瓦尔达尔鲦（Squalius vardarensis Karaman）的鳃组织进行了组织病理学改变的量化评估，目的是研究河流水质对鱼类的影响（兹列托夫斯卡河和克里瓦河受到活性 Pb/Zn 矿的影响；布雷加利纳河受到农业废物的污染）。鲦鱼的生物学变化被分类为：循环障碍、退行性和进行性变化，但它们的严重程度不同。总的来说，布雷加利纳河中鲦鱼的鳃组织变化最轻微，因为这条河的污染程度较低，而受采矿影响的河流则表现出更严重的变化。在兹列托夫斯卡河中，由于受到多种金属、硫酸盐和氯化物的高度污染，鳃组织中退行性变化的病变指数最高，典型病变包括上皮组织和支持组织的萎缩、变薄和上皮细胞抬起、上皮细胞坏死和氯化物细胞坏死，以及板状软骨基底的变形。与兹列托夫斯卡河相比，克里瓦河中鲦鱼的鳃损伤总体上较为轻微，这与污染程度一致。在该河的鲦鱼鳃中，进行性变化更为明显，特别是在板间空间中黏液细胞和上皮细胞的严重增生，导致板层融合，以及氯化物细胞的肥大。与季节的比较表明，在所有三条河流中，秋季的进行性变化强度更高，当时水位非常低，因此由于浓缩效应，水污染更为明显。鲦鱼鳃组织的组织病理学改变的模式和严重程度反映了不同河流和采样期的污染水平和污染物类型的差异，因此已被证明是水质的有价值指标。
