Deren Sherry, Naegle Madeline, Hagan Holly, Ompad Danielle C
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2017 Jul-Aug;28(4):622-632. doi: 10.1016/j.jana.2017.03.005. Epub 2017 Mar 24.
Links between HIV and substance use were identified early in the U.S. HIV epidemic. People who use drugs are at risk of HIV infection through shared injection equipment and risky sexual behaviors. In addition, substance use has negative health consequences for people living with HIV. The prescription opioid misuse epidemic, linked to injection drug use, hepatitis C infection, and HIV, poses a new threat to declining HIV rates. We reviewed evidence-based interventions that decrease HIV risk in people who use drugs (needle/syringe programs, medication-assisted treatment, engagement in HIV care, and preexposure prophylaxis/postexposure prophylaxis). The critical roles of nurses in HIV prevention/care for this population are described, including applying the principles of harm reduction, screening for substance use, and undertaking implementation and research efforts. As the nation's largest health care profession, nurses are positioned to contribute to the quality of HIV-related prevention/care for people who use drugs and to lead practice initiatives.
在美国艾滋病流行早期，就已确定了艾滋病病毒（HIV）与药物使用之间的关联。吸毒者因共用注射设备和危险的性行为而面临感染HIV的风险。此外，药物使用会给HIV感染者带来负面健康影响。与注射吸毒、丙型肝炎感染及HIV相关的处方阿片类药物滥用流行，对不断下降的HIV感染率构成了新威胁。我们回顾了降低吸毒者HIV感染风险的循证干预措施（针头/注射器项目、药物辅助治疗、参与HIV护理以及暴露前预防/暴露后预防）。阐述了护士在针对这一人群的HIV预防/护理中的关键作用，包括应用减少伤害原则、筛查药物使用情况以及开展实施和研究工作。作为美国最大的医疗保健专业群体，护士有能力为吸毒者的HIV相关预防/护理质量做出贡献，并引领实践倡议。
