微小RNA在合子基因组激活中的作用：胚胎发生过程中对信使核糖核酸的调控
Role of MicroRNAs in Zygotic Genome Activation: Modulation of mRNA During Embryogenesis.
作者信息
Rosa Alessandro, Brivanlou Ali H
机构信息
Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy.
Laboratory of Molecular Vertebrate Embryology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA.
出版信息
Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1605:31-43. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6988-3_3.
A fundamental process occurring during early development is the zygotic genome activation, i.e., the initiation of transcription from the embryonic genome. Before that step, cellular processes in the developing embryo are dictated by transcripts produced by the maternal genome and accumulated in the egg during oogenesis. The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) involves both the clearance of maternal RNAs and the initiation of transcription of the embryonic genome and is a tightly regulated process. In some species, decay of maternal transcripts may be facilitated by the activity of microRNAs. These small RNAs can act pleiotropically, blocking translation and inducing destabilization of hundreds of different maternal targets. In this review, we will discuss the role of microRNAs during MZT, focusing on Drosophila melanogaster and vertebrate models, Xenopus laevis, Zebrafish and mouse, in which such a mechanism has been more extensively studied.
早期发育过程中发生的一个基本过程是合子基因组激活，即胚胎基因组转录的起始。在这一步之前，发育中胚胎的细胞过程由母本基因组产生并在卵子发生过程中积累在卵中的转录本决定。母源-合子转变（MZT）既涉及母源RNA的清除，也涉及胚胎基因组转录的起始，是一个受到严格调控的过程。在一些物种中，微小RNA的活性可能会促进母源转录本的降解。这些小RNA可以发挥多效作用，阻断翻译并诱导数百种不同母源靶标的不稳定。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论微小RNA在MZT过程中的作用，重点关注黑腹果蝇和脊椎动物模型，如非洲爪蟾、斑马鱼和小鼠，在这些模型中这种机制得到了更广泛的研究。
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