Rieth Cory A, Huber David E
Pacific Science and Engineering Group, Inc, United States.
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
Cogn Psychol. 2017 Jun;95:79-104. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2017.04.002. Epub 2017 Apr 28.
Huber and O'Reilly (2003) proposed that neural habituation exists to solve a temporal parsing problem, minimizing blending between one word and the next when words are visually presented in rapid succession. They developed a neural dynamics habituation model, explaining the finding that short duration primes produce positive priming whereas long duration primes produce negative repetition priming. The model contains three layers of processing, including a visual input layer, an orthographic layer, and a lexical-semantic layer. The predicted effect of prime duration depends both on this assumed representational hierarchy and the assumption that synaptic depression underlies habituation. The current study tested these assumptions by comparing different kinds of words (e.g., words versus non-words) and different kinds of word-word relations (e.g., associative versus repetition). For each experiment, the predictions of the original model were compared to an alternative model with different representational assumptions. Experiment 1 confirmed the prediction that non-words and inverted words require longer prime durations to eliminate positive repetition priming (i.e., a slower transition from positive to negative priming). Experiment 2 confirmed the prediction that associative priming increases and then decreases with increasing prime duration, but remains positive even with long duration primes. Experiment 3 replicated the effects of repetition and associative priming using a within-subjects design and combined these effects by examining target words that were expected to repeat (e.g., viewing the target word 'BACK' after the prime phrase 'back to'). These results support the originally assumed representational hierarchy and more generally the role of habituation in temporal parsing and priming.
休伯和奥赖利（2003年）提出，神经习惯化的存在是为了解决一个时间解析问题，即当单词以快速连续的方式视觉呈现时，将一个单词与下一个单词之间的融合最小化。他们开发了一个神经动力学习惯化模型，解释了这样一个发现：短持续时间的启动刺激会产生正启动效应，而长持续时间的启动刺激会产生负重复启动效应。该模型包含三层处理，包括视觉输入层、正字法层和词汇语义层。启动刺激持续时间的预测效应既取决于这种假设的表征层次结构，也取决于突触抑制是习惯化基础的假设。当前的研究通过比较不同类型的单词（例如，单词与非单词）和不同类型的单词-单词关系（例如，联想关系与重复关系）来检验这些假设。对于每个实验，将原始模型的预测与具有不同表征假设的替代模型进行比较。实验1证实了以下预测：非单词和倒置单词需要更长的启动刺激持续时间来消除正重复启动效应（即，从正启动效应到负启动效应的转变较慢）。实验2证实了以下预测：联想启动效应随着启动刺激持续时间的增加而增加，然后减少，但即使是长持续时间的启动刺激，联想启动效应仍为正。实验3使用被试内设计重复了重复启动效应和联想启动效应，并通过检查预期会重复的目标单词（例如，在启动短语“back to”之后查看目标单词“BACK”）来综合这些效应。这些结果支持了最初假设的表征层次结构，更普遍地支持了习惯化在时间解析和启动效应中的作用。
