McKee Richard H, Adenuga M David, Carrillo Juan-Carlos
a ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc. , Annandale , New Jersey.
b Shell Health, Shell International B.V. , The Hague , the Netherlands.
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2017 Aug;14(8):575-584. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2017.1296236.
Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions, often with complex compositions. Due to the potential for human exposure, primarily to the more volatile solvents, substantial effort has been directed toward the development of occupational exposure recommendations. Because of the complex and variable nature of these substances, a proposed approach is to calculate occupational exposure levels (OELs) using an adaptation of the mixture formula developed by the ACGIH® in which "group guidance values" are assigned to similar constituents. This approach is supported by the results of toxicological studies of hydrocarbon solvents and their constituents which have shown that, with a few well-characterized exceptions, these substances have similar toxicological properties and produce additive effects. The objective of the present document is to summarize recommended revisions to the earlier proposals; these recommendations take into account recent toxicological information and changes in regulatory advice. Practical demonstrations on how to use these recommendations to develop occupational exposure advice in different situations (from simple complex solvents to blends of complex solvents) are also provided. Finally, a quantitative ideal gas method is proposed as a means of calculating occupational exposure limits for solvent blends in which, because the blended components have differing vapor pressures, there may be substantial differences between the liquid and vapor phase compositions.
烃类溶剂是液态烃馏分，其成分通常较为复杂。由于存在人体接触风险，主要是接触挥发性更强的溶剂，人们已投入大量精力制定职业接触建议。鉴于这些物质性质复杂且多变，一种建议的方法是采用美国政府工业卫生学家会议（ACGIH®）制定的混合物公式的变体来计算职业接触限值（OELs），其中为相似成分指定了“组指导值”。烃类溶剂及其成分的毒理学研究结果支持了这种方法，这些研究表明，除了少数特征明确的例外情况，这些物质具有相似的毒理学特性并产生相加效应。本文件的目的是总结对早期提议的建议修订；这些建议考虑了最新的毒理学信息和监管建议的变化。还提供了关于如何在不同情况下（从简单的复杂溶剂到复杂溶剂混合物）利用这些建议制定职业接触建议的实际示例。最后，提出了一种定量理想气体方法，作为计算溶剂混合物职业接触限值的手段，在这种混合物中，由于混合成分具有不同的蒸气压，液相和气相组成之间可能存在显著差异。
