Nagahara Ryu, Matsubayashi Takeo, Matsuo Akifumi, Zushi Koji
National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Japan -
Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2018 Sep;58(9):1253-1263. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07137-7. Epub 2017 Apr 28.
This study aimed to describe changes in thoracic and pelvic movements during the acceleration phase of maximal sprinting, and to clarify which kinematic variable relates to better accelerated sprinting performance.
Twelve male sprinters performed 60-m sprints, during which three-dimensional step-to-step changes in thoracic and pelvic angles, as well as the trunk quasi-joint angle, were obtained throughout a 50-m distance.
The patterns of thoracic and pelvic movements were maintained throughout the entire acceleration phase, although the phase profiles of the relative movements between the thorax and pelvis in three planes differed. Increase in peak thoracic and pelvic tilt angles terminated (-10.3° and 3.2° from the vertical line) and trunk extension range (≈21.7°) decreased from the 13th-15th steps. Moreover, thoracic and pelvic obliquity angles decreased from 15.3° and 8.8°, and conversely, rotation angles increased to 23.5° and plateaued (≈16°), during the entire acceleration phase. Moreover, smaller inclination of the thorax and deeper inclination of the pelvis, smaller rotations of the pelvis and trunk quasi-joint and greater thoracic obliquity during the initial section (to the 4th step), deeper inclination of the pelvis during the middle section (to the 14th step), and smaller trunk torsion and thoracic obliquity during the final section in the entire acceleration phase of sprinting were associated with increases in running speed.
The results suggest that sprint acceleration toward maximal speed is not performed with only proportional increases in magnitudes of trunk movements, and important factors for better sprint acceleration performance alter with increasing running speed.
本研究旨在描述最大速度冲刺加速阶段胸部和骨盆运动的变化，并阐明哪个运动学变量与更好的加速冲刺表现相关。
12名男性短跑运动员进行60米冲刺，在此期间，在50米的距离内获取胸部和骨盆角度以及躯干准关节角度的三维逐步变化。
在整个加速阶段，胸部和骨盆运动的模式得以保持，尽管胸部和骨盆在三个平面上的相对运动的阶段特征有所不同。胸部和骨盆倾斜峰值角度的增加终止（相对于垂直线分别为-10.3°和3.2°），躯干伸展范围（约21.7°）从第13至15步开始减小。此外，在整个加速阶段，胸部和骨盆的倾斜角度从15.3°和8.8°减小，相反，旋转角度增加到23.5°并趋于平稳（约16°）。此外，在冲刺整个加速阶段的初始阶段（至第4步），胸部较小的倾斜度和骨盆较深的倾斜度、骨盆和躯干准关节较小的旋转以及较大的胸部倾斜度，中间阶段（至第14步）骨盆较深的倾斜度，以及最后阶段较小的躯干扭转和胸部倾斜度与跑步速度的增加相关。
结果表明，向最大速度的冲刺加速并非仅通过躯干运动幅度的成比例增加来实现，且更好的冲刺加速表现的重要因素会随着跑步速度的增加而改变。
