Brar Amanpreet, Wanigaratne Susitha, Pulver Ariel, Ray Joel G, Urquia Marcelo L
Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.
Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON.
J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2017 Jun;39(6):459-464.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.01.002. Epub 2017 Apr 24.
To examine whether son-biased male to female (M:F) ratios at birth among linguistically different subgroups of Indian immigrants vary according to duration of residence in Canada.
We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 46 834 live births to Indian-born mothers who gave birth in Canada between 1993 and 2014. The M:F ratio at birth was calculated according to the sex of previous live births and stratified by (1) time since immigration to Canada (<10 and ≥10 years) and (2) mother tongue (Punjabi, Gujarati, Hindi, and other). We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) using multivariate logistic regression to assess the probability of having a male newborn with 5-year increases in duration of residence in Canada for each language group. ORs were adjusted for married status, knowledge of English/French, maternal education at arrival and age and neighbourhood income at delivery.
Among all Indian immigrant women with two previous daughters, M:F ratios were higher than expected (1.92, 95% CI 1.73-2.12), particularly among those whose mother tongue was Punjabi (n = 25 287) (2.40, 95% CI 2.11-2.72) and Hindi (n = 7752) (1.63, 95% CI 1.05-2.52). M:F ratios did not diminish with longer duration in Canada (Punjabi 5-year aOR 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.31; Hindi 5-year aOR 0.94, 95% CI 0.42-2.17).
Among the Punjabi and Hindi women with two previous daughters, longer duration of residence did not attenuate son-biased M:F ratios at the third birth. Gender equity promotion may focus on Punjabi- and Hindi-speaking Indian immigrant women regardless of how long they have lived in Canada.
研究印度移民中不同语言亚组的出生性别比是否因在加拿大的居住时间长短而有所不同。
我们分析了1993年至2014年间在加拿大出生的46834名印度出生母亲的回顾性队列。根据之前活产的性别计算出生时的男女比例，并按以下因素分层：（1）移民到加拿大的时间（<10年和≥10年）；（2）母语（旁遮普语、古吉拉特语、印地语及其他）。我们使用多变量逻辑回归估计调整后的优势比（aOR），以评估每个语言组中在加拿大居住时间每增加5年生育男婴的概率。优势比根据婚姻状况、英语/法语知识、抵达时的母亲教育程度、年龄以及分娩时的邻里收入进行了调整。
在所有之前育有两个女儿的印度移民女性中，出生时的男女比例高于预期（1.92，95%置信区间1.73 - 2.12），尤其是母语为旁遮普语的女性（n = 25287）（2.40，95%置信区间2.11 - 2.72）和印地语的女性（n = 7752）（1.63，95%置信区间1.05 - 2.52）。男女比例并未随着在加拿大居住时间的延长而降低（旁遮普语5年aOR 1.03，95%置信区间0.81 - 1.31；印地语5年aOR 0.94，95%置信区间0.42 - 2.17）。
在之前育有两个女儿的旁遮普语和印地语女性中，居住时间延长并未减弱第三胎出生时偏向男孩的男女比例。促进性别平等的工作可能应聚焦于讲旁遮普语和印地语的印度移民女性，无论她们在加拿大居住了多久。
