Julián Cristina, Mouratidou Theodora, Vicente-Rodriguez Germán, Gracia-Marco Luis, Valtueña Jara, González-Gross Marcela, Ferrari Marika, Gottrand Frederic, Manios Yannis, de la O Alejandro, Widhalm Kurt, Molnár Dénes, Kafatos Antonios, Sjöström Michael, Kersting Mathilde, Gunter Marc J, De Henauw Stefaan, Moreno Luis A, Huybrechts Inge
1GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Science,University of Zaragoza,Zaragoza,Spain.
4CHERC (Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre),College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Sport and Health Sciences,University of Exeter,Exeter,UK.
Public Health Nutr. 2017 Jun;20(9):1593-1601. doi: 10.1017/S1368980017000532. Epub 2017 May 2.
To investigate dietary sources of Ca and vitamin D (VitD) intakes, and the associated sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, among European adolescents.
Linear regression mixed models were used to examine sex-specific associations of Ca and VitD intakes with parental education, family affluence (FAS), physical activity and television (TV) watching while controlling for age, Tanner stage, energy intake and diet quality.
The Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA)Cross-Sectional Study.
Adolescents aged 12·5-17·5 years (n 1804).
Milk and cheese were the main sources of Ca (23 and 19 % contribution to overall Ca intake, respectively). Fish products were the main VitD source (30 % contribution to overall VitD intake). Ca intake was positively associated with maternal education (β=56·41; 95 % CI 1·98, 110·82) and negatively associated with TV viewing in boys (β=-0·43; 95 % CI -0·79, -0·07); however, the significance of these associations disappeared when adjusting for diet quality. In girls, Ca intake was positively associated with mother's (β=73·08; 95 % CI 34·41, 111·74) and father's education (β=43·29; 95 % CI 5·44, 81·14) and FAS (β=37·45; 95 % CI 2·25, 72·65). This association between Ca intake and mother's education remained significant after further adjustment for diet quality (β=41·66; 95 % CI 0·94, 82·38). Girls with high-educated mothers had higher Ca intake.
Low-educated families with poor diet quality may be targeted when strategizing health promotion programmes to enhance dietary Ca.
调查欧洲青少年钙（Ca）和维生素D（VitD）摄入的饮食来源，以及相关的社会人口学和生活方式因素。
采用线性回归混合模型，在控制年龄、坦纳分期、能量摄入和饮食质量的同时，研究钙和维生素D摄入量与父母教育程度、家庭富裕程度（FAS）、身体活动和看电视之间的性别特异性关联。
欧洲青少年营养健康生活方式（HELENA）横断面研究。
12.5 - 17.5岁的青少年（n = 1804）。
牛奶和奶酪是钙的主要来源（分别占总钙摄入量的23%和19%）。鱼类产品是维生素D的主要来源（占总维生素D摄入量的30%）。钙摄入量与母亲的教育程度呈正相关（β = 56.41；95%可信区间1.98，110.82），在男孩中与看电视呈负相关（β = -0.43；95%可信区间 -0.79，-0.07）；然而，在调整饮食质量后，这些关联的显著性消失。在女孩中，钙摄入量与母亲（β = 73.08；95%可信区间34.41，111.74）和父亲的教育程度（β = 43.29；95%可信区间5.44，81.14）以及家庭富裕程度（β = 37.45；95%可信区间2.25，72.65）呈正相关。在进一步调整饮食质量后，钙摄入量与母亲教育程度之间的这种关联仍然显著（β = 41.66；95%可信区间0.94，82.38）。母亲受教育程度高的女孩钙摄入量更高。
在制定促进健康计划以增加饮食钙摄入量时，可将饮食质量差的低教育家庭作为目标。
