Julian Cristina, González-Gross Marcela, Breidenassel Christina, Mouratidou Theodora, Vicente-Rodriguez Germán, Gracia-Marco Luis, Ferrari Marika, Widhalm Kurt, Molnár Dénes, Kafatos Anthony, Gottrand Frederic, Manios Yannis, de la O Alejandro, Kersting Mathilde, De Henauw Stefaan, Gunter Marc J, Moreno Luis A, Huybrechts Inge
Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Nutrition. 2017 Apr;36:22-25. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.08.015. Epub 2016 Nov 9.
Adolescents in the European Union (EU) exhibit a higher prevalence of vitamin D (VitD) deficiency than other age groups. The degree to which sunlight exposure 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations depends on a variety of factors, including diet. Nevertheless, the relationship between calcium and VitD intake and 25(OH)D concentrations has not been previously studied among adolescents living in different EU countries and consequently in different latitudes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether calcium and VitD intakes are differentially associated with 25(OH)D in adolescents from northern, central and southern EU countries.
The present analysis included 178 adolescents from northern EU countries, 251 from central EU countries, and 212 from southern EU countries (ages 12.5-17.5 y). Mixed model linear regression analyses stratified by geographic location were used to verify associations between calcium and VitD intake and 25(OH)D concentrations. Age, Tanner stage, seasonality, energy intake, and supplement use were entered as covariates.
Only the calcium intake of central EU adolescents was positively associated with 25(OH)D (α = 0.005; 95% confidence interval, 0.007-0.028).
Further longitudinal studies should confirm these observations, as this could be important for future public health interventions aiming to increase 25(OH)D concentrations in adolescents.
欧盟（EU）青少年维生素D（VitD）缺乏的患病率高于其他年龄组。阳光照射对25-羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]浓度的影响程度取决于多种因素，包括饮食。然而，此前尚未在生活在不同欧盟国家、因而处于不同纬度的青少年中研究钙和VitD摄入量与25(OH)D浓度之间的关系。因此，本研究的目的是检验来自欧盟北部、中部和南部国家的青少年中，钙和VitD摄入量与25(OH)D之间的关联是否存在差异。
本分析纳入了来自欧盟北部国家的178名青少年、来自欧盟中部国家的251名青少年和来自欧盟南部国家的212名青少年（年龄12.5 - 17.5岁）。采用按地理位置分层的混合模型线性回归分析来验证钙和VitD摄入量与25(OH)D浓度之间的关联。将年龄、坦纳分期、季节、能量摄入和补充剂使用情况作为协变量纳入分析。
只有欧盟中部青少年的钙摄入量与25(OH)D呈正相关（α = 0.005；95%置信区间，0.007 - 0.028）。
进一步的纵向研究应证实这些观察结果，因为这对于未来旨在提高青少年25(OH)D浓度的公共卫生干预措施可能具有重要意义。
