Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 1;599-600:68-75. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.192. Epub 2017 Apr 29.
Bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic xenoestrogen widely used in various industrial fields, can be present, in its un-reacted form, as an additive in thermal paper. BPA is virtually ubiquitous in industrialized societies and humans are exposed to this chemical via dietary and non-dietary sources. Since in 2015 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) indicated that thermal paper is the second source of BPA exposure after the food chain, some suppliers replaced BPA with its analogue Bisphenol S (BPS), speculatively supposed to be safer. In this work BPA and BPS concentration levels were determined in thermal paper receipts collected in Italy from 50 different sources by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem fluorescence and ultraviolet detection. BPA was found in 44 samples at mean concentration of 107.47μg/100mg of paper (from below Limits of Quantification (LOQ) to 1533.733μg/100mg of paper). BPS was found in 31 samples at mean concentration of 41.97μg/100mg of paper (from below the LOQ to 357.989μg/100mg of paper). 26 samples were positive to both BPA and BPS. The estimate daily intake (EDI) values of BPA and BPS occurring through dermal absorption were calculated for 70kg body weight individuals. For general population, they were 0.0625μg/day for BPA and 0.0244μg/day for BPS, based on the mean content of bisphenols found. For occupationally exposed individuals, they were 66.8μg/day for BPA and 15.6μg/day for BPS, based on the worst scenario. Such levels would produce a dermal intake below the Tolerable Day Intake established by EFSA (4μg/kg·bw/day); nevertheless, the occurrence of co-exposure to dietary and non-dietary sources should be considered in the health risk assessment, mainly for people frequently exposed to thermal paper contact for occupational reason.
双酚 A（BPA）是一种广泛应用于各个工业领域的合成外源性雌激素，可能以未反应形式作为热敏纸的添加剂存在。BPA 在工业化社会中几乎无处不在，人类通过饮食和非饮食来源接触这种化学物质。自 2015 年欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）表示热敏纸是食物链以外的第二大 BPA 暴露源以来，一些供应商已用其类似物双酚 S（BPS）替代 BPA，推测 BPS 更安全。在这项工作中，通过液相色谱串联荧光和紫外检测，从意大利 50 个不同来源的热敏纸收据中测定了 BPA 和 BPS 的浓度水平。在 44 个样本中发现了 BPA，其平均浓度为 107.47μg/100mg 纸（从低于定量下限到 1533.733μg/100mg 纸）。在 31 个样本中发现了 BPS，其平均浓度为 41.97μg/100mg 纸（从低于定量下限到 357.989μg/100mg 纸）。26 个样本同时对 BPA 和 BPS 呈阳性。根据双酚含量，计算了 70kg 体重个体通过皮肤吸收摄入 BPA 和 BPS 的估计日摄入量（EDI）值。对于普通人群，基于发现的双酚含量，BPA 为 0.0625μg/天，BPS 为 0.0244μg/天。对于职业暴露人群，BPA 为 66.8μg/天，BPS 为 15.6μg/天，基于最坏情况。这些水平将导致皮肤摄入低于 EFSA 设定的可耐受日摄入量（4μg/kg·bw/day）；然而，在健康风险评估中应考虑到饮食和非饮食来源的共同暴露，特别是对于因职业原因经常接触热敏纸的人。
