Bikker P, van der Peet-Schwering C M C, Gerrits W J J, Sips V, Walvoort C, van Laar H
J Anim Sci. 2017 Apr;95(4):1637-1643. doi: 10.2527/jas.2016.1041.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diet composition, feeding level (FL), and BW on endogenous phosphorous losses (EPL) using growing-finishing (GF) pigs and sows. After an adaptation period, 48 GF pigs (initial BW 90.5 kg) and 48 just-weaned sows (initial BW 195 kg), both individually housed, were allotted to 12 dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments were animal type (GF pigs or sows), diet composition (a semipurified starch (STA), inulin (INU), or lignocellulose (CEL) based low-P diet), and FL (2.0 or 3.0 kg/d). Digestibility of DM, OM, CP, crude fat, and carbohydrates (COH), and fecal P excretion (in g/d, mg/kg DMI, and g/(kg BW·d)) were determined using TiO as indigestible marker. Digestibility of OM and COH differed among diets ( < 0.001) and was greatest in both types of pigs fed the STA diet and lowest in those fed the CEL diet. While digestibility of OM and COH was similar in sows and GF pigs that were fed the STA diet and the CEL diet, on the INU diet, sows had, compared with GF pigs, a greater digestibility of OM (92.2 vs. 87.2%) and COH (92.5 vs. 88.4%), respectively. Both BW and FL increased fecal P excretion (g/d). When expressed in mg/kg DMI, P excretion was higher in sows than in GF pigs on the STA diet (498 versus 236 mg/kg DMI), the INU diet (526 vs. 316 mg/kg DMI), and the CEL diet (928 vs. 342 mg/kg DMI). When expressed in mg/(kg BW·d), however, P excretion was similar in GF pigs and sows that were fed the STA diet and in those that were fed the INU diet, whereas it was greater in sows than in GF pigs that were fed the CEL diet (11.6 vs. 7.3 mg/(kg BW·d)). The results of this study indicate that EPL (mg/kg DMI) in pigs substantially increase with increasing BW. Application of EPL (mg/kg DMI) determined in GF pigs may underestimate EPL and therefore P requirements in gestating sows. Moreover, EPL is diet dependent and increases with an increasing content of dietary nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP). The degree of this increase may differ between sows and GF pigs and seems to depend on properties of dietary fiber.
进行了一项实验，以确定日粮组成、饲喂水平（FL）和体重对生长育肥（GF）猪和母猪内源性磷损失（EPL）的影响。适应期过后，将48头GF猪（初始体重90.5千克）和48头刚断奶的母猪（初始体重195千克）单独饲养，并按照2×3×2析因设计分配到12种日粮处理中。处理因素包括动物类型（GF猪或母猪）、日粮组成（基于半纯化淀粉（STA）、菊粉（INU）或木质纤维素（CEL）的低磷日粮）和FL（2.0或3.0千克/天）。使用TiO作为不可消化标记物，测定干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、粗蛋白（CP）、粗脂肪和碳水化合物（COH）的消化率以及粪便磷排泄量（克/天、毫克/千克干物质采食量和克/（千克体重·天））。日粮间OM和COH的消化率存在差异（P＜0.001），饲喂STA日粮的两类猪消化率最高，饲喂CEL日粮的猪消化率最低。饲喂STA日粮和CEL日粮的母猪和GF猪，其OM和COH的消化率相似，但在INU日粮中，母猪的OM消化率（92.2%对87.2%）和COH消化率（92.5%对88.4%）均高于GF猪。体重和FL均增加了粪便磷排泄量（克/天）。以毫克/千克干物质采食量表示时，在STA日粮（498对236毫克/千克干物质采食量）、INU日粮（526对316毫克/千克干物质采食量）和CEL日粮（928对342毫克/千克干物质采食量）中，母猪的磷排泄量高于GF猪。然而，以毫克/（千克体重·天）表示时，饲喂STA日粮的GF猪和母猪以及饲喂INU日粮的猪的磷排泄量相似，而饲喂CEL日粮时，母猪的磷排泄量高于GF猪（11.6对7.3毫克/（千克体重·天））。本研究结果表明，猪的EPL（毫克/千克干物质采食量）随体重增加而大幅增加。用GF猪测定的EPL（毫克/千克干物质采食量）可能低估了妊娠母猪的EPL，进而低估了其磷需求量。此外，EPL取决于日粮，且随日粮中非淀粉多糖（NSP）含量的增加而增加。这种增加的程度在母猪和GF猪之间可能有所不同，似乎取决于膳食纤维的特性。
