Huttanus Herbert M, Feng Xueyang
Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Biotechnol J. 2017 Jun;12(6). doi: 10.1002/biot.201700052. Epub 2017 May 2.
Sub-cellular compartments create specialized reaction chambers in eukaryotes. These compartments provide favorable micro-environments for many metabolic processes. Recently, metabolic engineers have explored the concept of pathway compartmentalization to enhance the performance of metabolic pathways. This strategy offers many unique advantages, including (i) increased local concentrations of enzymes and substrates, (ii) accessing alternate substrate pools, (iii) separation from competing reactions, and (iv) isolation of harmful intermediates or conditions needed for the pathway. In this review, the method of localizing metabolic pathways into specific organelles as well as the benefits of pathway compartmentalization in terms of enhancing the production of value-added chemicals is discussed.
亚细胞区室在真核生物中创建了专门的反应腔室。这些区室为许多代谢过程提供了有利的微环境。最近，代谢工程师们探索了途径区室化的概念，以提高代谢途径的性能。这种策略具有许多独特的优势，包括：（i）提高酶和底物的局部浓度；（ii）利用备用底物库；（iii）与竞争性反应分离；（iv）隔离有害中间体或该途径所需的条件。在本综述中，讨论了将代谢途径定位到特定细胞器的方法，以及途径区室化在提高增值化学品产量方面的益处。
