Arfaie Katayoun, Nahidi Fatemeh, Simbar Masoumeh, Bakhtiari Maryam
Department of Midwifery & Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, International Branch, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ph.D. of Reproductive Health, Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery & Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Electron Physician. 2017 Feb 25;9(2):3733-3740. doi: 10.19082/3733. eCollection 2017 Feb.
Anxiety disorders have severe complications for a mother and her developing baby. A few studies have focused on pregnancy related anxiety and its risk factors including fear of childbirth. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore components and dimensions of this kind of anxiety.
This qualitative study (conventional content analysis) was conducted with mothers who referred to health care centers from May to December, 2015. In order to collect data, purposive sampling and face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews were used. Data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA software.
Twenty eight pregnant women from different social backgrounds, educational levels and ethnicities aged 18-41 years old participated in this study and after analysis, fear of childbirth was classified into four categories including the process of delivery (fear of pain, prolonged labor, loss of control, being left alone during delivery, fear of her own incompetency), time of delivery (fear of preterm labor, fear of unknown delivery time, fear of late arrival to hospital), delivery complications (fear of bleeding, fear of death, postpartum depression, delivery accidents, genitalia injuries and fetal health problems) and healthcare quality (hospital facilities, lack of trust in maternity staff and lack of trust in obstetricians).
The results suggest that supporting, reassuring and educating pregnant mothers and giving information about delivery room, labor and strategies for coping with fear of pain and childbirth are critical. Changes in maternity care policies are recommended to promote positive attitudes toward normal delivery.
焦虑症对母亲及其腹中发育的胎儿会产生严重并发症。一些研究聚焦于与妊娠相关的焦虑及其风险因素，包括对分娩的恐惧。因此，本研究旨在探究此类焦虑的构成要素和维度。
本定性研究（常规内容分析）于2015年5月至12月对前往医疗保健中心就诊的母亲们开展。为收集数据，采用了立意抽样和面对面半结构化深度访谈。数据分析使用MAXQDA软件进行。
28名年龄在18至41岁、来自不同社会背景、教育水平和种族的孕妇参与了本研究，经分析，对分娩的恐惧被分为四类，包括分娩过程（害怕疼痛、产程延长、失去控制、分娩时无人陪伴、担心自己能力不足）、分娩时间（害怕早产、担心未知的分娩时间、担心延误就医）、分娩并发症（害怕出血、害怕死亡、产后抑郁、分娩意外、生殖器损伤和胎儿健康问题）以及医疗质量（医院设施、对产科工作人员缺乏信任、对产科医生缺乏信任）。
结果表明，支持、安抚和教育孕妇母亲，并提供有关产房、分娩以及应对疼痛和分娩恐惧策略的信息至关重要。建议改变产科护理政策，以促进对正常分娩的积极态度。
