Oseen Kerri L, Wassersug Richard J
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada.
Oecologia. 2002 Dec;133(4):616-625. doi: 10.1007/s00442-002-1067-5. Epub 2002 Dec 1.
Anuran reproduction is influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors, of which temperature and rainfall are the best studied. Here we examine the relationship between multiple abiotic environmental variables - specifically, air and water temperature, rainfall, barometric pressure, relative humidity and wind velocity - and the calling activity of five species (Rana sylvatica, Pseudacris crucifer, Bufo americanus, Rana clamitans, and Rana catesbeiana) in an anuran community in New Brunswick, Canada. Acoustical and environmental data were sampled hourly for 4 months during the breeding season in 1997. Logistic regression analyses indicated that each species responded to a unique combination of meteorological variables, even when calling concurrently. Calling in the spring breeding species, R. sylvatica, P. crucifer, and B. americanus, was most associated with the time of day (i.e., they called primarily at night), while calling in the summer breeding species, R. clamitans and R. catesbeiana, was associated primarily with high water temperature. Species with short breeding periods (i.e., explosive breeders; R. sylvatica, B. americanus) responded to fewer environmental variables than did species with prolonged breeding periods (P. crucifer, R. clamitans, R. catesbeiana). Prolonged breeding species responded differently to climatic variables throughout the breeding season: during the latter half of their calling periods, the time of day and a variable that predicts rain, i.e., barometric pressure, became more important, and water temperature became less important.
无尾两栖类的繁殖受多种生物和非生物因素影响，其中温度和降雨是研究得最为充分的。在此，我们研究了多个非生物环境变量——具体而言，气温、水温、降雨、气压、相对湿度和风速——与加拿大新不伦瑞克一个无尾两栖类群落中五个物种（林蛙、北美绿雨滨蛙、美洲蟾蜍、绿蛙和牛蛙）的鸣叫活动之间的关系。在1997年繁殖季节的4个月里，每小时采集声学和环境数据。逻辑回归分析表明，即使在同时鸣叫时，每个物种对气象变量的独特组合都会做出反应。春季繁殖物种林蛙、北美绿雨滨蛙和美洲蟾蜍的鸣叫与一天中的时间最为相关（即它们主要在夜间鸣叫），而夏季繁殖物种绿蛙和牛蛙的鸣叫主要与高水温相关。繁殖期短的物种（即爆发式繁殖者；林蛙、美洲蟾蜍）比繁殖期长的物种（北美绿雨滨蛙、绿蛙、牛蛙）对环境变量的反应更少。繁殖期长的物种在整个繁殖季节对气候变量的反应有所不同：在它们鸣叫期的后半段，一天中的时间和一个预测降雨的变量，即气压，变得更为重要，而水温则变得不那么重要。
