State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University (SUNY Stony Brook), Stony Brook, New York, USA.
Int J Med Robot. 2017 Dec;13(4). doi: 10.1002/rcs.1827. Epub 2017 May 3.
Laparoscopic surgery (LS), also referred to as minimally invasive surgery, is a modern surgical technique which is widely applied. The fulcrum effect makes LS a non-intuitive motor skill with a steep learning curve.
A hybrid model of tetrahedrons and a multi-layer triangular mesh are constructed to simulate the deformable behavior of the rectum and surrounding tissues in the Position-Based Dynamics (PBD) framework. A heat-conduction based electric-burn technique is employed to simulate the electrocautery procedure.
The simulator has been applied for laparoscopic rectum cancer surgery training. From the experimental results, trainees can operate in real time with high degrees of stability and fidelity. A preliminary study was performed to evaluate the realism and usefulness.
This prototype simulator has been tested and verified by colorectal surgeons through a pilot study. They believed both the visual and the haptic performance of the simulation are realistic and helpful to enhance laparoscopic skills.
腹腔镜手术（LS），也称为微创手术，是一种广泛应用的现代外科技术。支点效应使 LS 成为一种非直观的运动技能，具有陡峭的学习曲线。
构建四面体和多层三角网格的混合模型，以在基于位置动力学（PBD）框架中模拟直肠和周围组织的可变形行为。采用基于热传导的电烧伤技术模拟电灼过程。
该模拟器已应用于腹腔镜直肠癌手术培训。从实验结果来看，受训者可以实时进行操作，具有高度的稳定性和逼真度。进行了初步研究来评估逼真度和有用性。
通过初步研究，该原型模拟器已经过结直肠外科医生的测试和验证。他们认为模拟的视觉和触觉性能都具有真实感和有助于提高腹腔镜技能。
