Pertl Marie-Theres, Zamarian Laura, Delazer Margarete
Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Psychology, Leopold Franzens University, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
Cogn Process. 2017 Aug;18(3):249-260. doi: 10.1007/s10339-017-0813-x. Epub 2017 May 4.
In this study, we assessed to what extent reasoning improves performance in decision making under risk in a laboratory gambling task (Game of Dice Task-Double, GDT-D). We also investigated to what degree individuals with above average mathematical competence decide better than those with average mathematical competence. Eighty-five participants performed the GDT-D and several numerical tasks. Forty-two individuals were asked to calculate the probabilities and the outcomes associated with the different options of the GDT-D before performing it. The other 43 individuals performed the GDT-D at the beginning of the test session. Both reasoning and mathematical competence had a positive effect on decision making. Different measures of mathematical competence correlated with advantageous performance in decision making. Results suggest that decision making under explicit risk conditions improves when individuals are encouraged to reflect about the contingencies of a decision situation. Interventions based on numerical reasoning may also be useful for patients with difficulties in decision making.
在本研究中，我们评估了在实验室赌博任务（骰子任务 - 双人版，GDT - D）中，推理在多大程度上能提高风险决策的表现。我们还研究了数学能力高于平均水平的个体在决策方面比数学能力处于平均水平的个体好多少。八十五名参与者完成了GDT - D和若干数值任务。四十二名个体被要求在执行GDT - D之前计算与GDT - D不同选项相关的概率和结果。另外四十三名个体在测试环节开始时执行GDT - D。推理和数学能力都对决策产生了积极影响。数学能力的不同衡量指标与决策中的优势表现相关。结果表明，当鼓励个体思考决策情境的偶然性时，明确风险条件下的决策会得到改善。基于数值推理的干预措施可能对决策有困难的患者也有用。
