The Pennsylvania State University.
Child Dev. 2018 Sep;89(5):1704-1719. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12828. Epub 2017 May 5.
This study charted the development of gendered personality qualities, activity interests, and attitudes across adolescence (approximately ages 9-18) among 319 African-American youth from 166 families. The relations between daily time spent with father, mother, and male and female peers-the gendered contexts of youth's daily activities-and (changes in) these gender role orientations were also assessed. Boys and girls differed in their gender role orientations in stereotypical ways: interest in masculine and feminine activities, and attitude traditionality generally declined, but instrumentality increased across adolescence and expressivity first increased and later decreased. Some gender differences and variations in change were conditioned by time spent with same- and other-sex gender parents and peers. The most consistent pattern was time with male peers predicting boys' stereotypical characteristics.
本研究追踪了 319 名来自 166 个家庭的非裔美籍青少年在青春期（约 9-18 岁）期间性别化人格特质、活动兴趣和态度的发展。还评估了他们每天与父亲、母亲以及同性和异性同伴相处的时间（青年日常活动的性别背景）与（性别角色取向的）这些变化之间的关系。男孩和女孩的性别角色取向存在刻板印象的差异：对男性化和女性化活动的兴趣以及态度传统性普遍下降，但工具性在整个青春期都有所增加，而表达性先增加后减少。一些性别差异和变化受到与同性和异性性别父母和同伴相处时间的影响。最一致的模式是，与男性同伴相处的时间预测了男孩的典型特征。
