Reddy G Kiran Kumar, Nancharaiah Y V, Venugopalan V P
Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, 603102, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar Complex, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, 603102, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar Complex, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2017 Jul 1;155:487-496. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.04.040. Epub 2017 Apr 23.
Biofilm formation is problematic and hence undesirable in medical and industrial settings. In addition to bacteria, phototrophic organisms are an integral component of biofilms that develop on surfaces immersed in natural waters. 1-Alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium ionic liquids (IL) with varying alkyl chain length were evaluated for their influence on the formation of monospecies (Navicula sp.) and multispecies biofilms under phototrophic conditions. An IL with a long alkyl side chain, 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidaazolium chloride ([C(MIM)][Cl]) retarded growth, adhesion and biofilm formation of Navicula sp. at concentrations as low as 5μM. Interestingly, [C(MIM)][Cl] was very effective in preventing multispecies phototrophic biofilms on fibre reinforced plastic surfaces immersed in natural waters (fresh and seawater). SYTOX Green staining and chlorophyll leakage assay confirmed that the biocidal activity of the IL was exerted through cell membrane disruption. The data show that [C(MIM)][Cl] is a potent inhibitor of phototrophic biofilms at micromolar concentrations and a promising agent for biofilm control in re-circulating cooling water systems. This is the first report that ionic liquids inhibit biofilm formation by phototrophic organisms which are important members of biofilms in streams and cooling towers.
生物膜的形成存在问题，因此在医学和工业环境中是不受欢迎的。除细菌外，光养生物是在浸入天然水体的表面上形成的生物膜的一个组成部分。评估了具有不同烷基链长度的1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑鎓离子液体（IL）在光养条件下对单物种（舟形藻属）和多物种生物膜形成的影响。一种具有长烷基侧链的IL，1-十六烷基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯化物（[C(MIM)][Cl]），在低至5μM的浓度下就能抑制舟形藻属的生长、粘附和生物膜形成。有趣的是，[C(MIM)][Cl]在防止浸入天然水体（淡水和海水）的纤维增强塑料表面形成多物种光养生物膜方面非常有效。SYTOX Green染色和叶绿素泄漏试验证实，IL的杀菌活性是通过破坏细胞膜发挥作用的。数据表明，[C(MIM)][Cl]在微摩尔浓度下是光养生物膜的有效抑制剂，是循环冷却系统中控制生物膜形成的一种有前景的试剂。这是关于离子液体抑制光养生物形成生物膜的首次报道，光养生物是溪流和冷却塔生物膜的重要组成部分。
