Yu Tao, Zhang Xueyan, Zhong Lei, Cui Qiang, Hu Xiaoyu, Li Bin, Wang Zhongxu, Dai Yufei, Zheng Yuxin, Bin Ping
National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Dongcheng District, Hepingli Street, No. 16, Beijing 100013, China.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Aug;227:287-295. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.080. Epub 2017 May 4.
This study was designed to investigate whether the use of a 0.20 μm particulate matter (PM) filter reduced the cytotoxicity induced by motorcycle exhaust (ME), a mixture of gases and particles, in lung epithelial cells cultured in air-liquid interface (ALI) inserts. The concentrations of PM, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, total hydrocarbons (THC), total volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen oxides in both filtered ME (fME) by a 0.20 μm filter and non-filtered ME (non-fME) were measured. Lung epithelial cells were exposed to clean air, fME, or non-fME in the ALI chamber. Cell relative viabilities (CRV) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were determined. Our results revealed that PM was the main compound of PM in ME. After filtration, PM and THC levels were significantly reduced, as compared with non-fME. When compared with the clean air exposed group, the CRV in both fME and non-fME-exposed group was significantly reduced (p < 0.001), while their ROS generation were markedly increased (p < 0.001). When compared with non-fME-exposed group, the CRV and ROS generation were significantly improved following fME exposure (p < 0.05). As a result, of PM and THC concentrations were decreased approximately 90% and 22.71%, respectively, the CRV was improved from 40.4% (non-fME) to 55.7% (fME), and the increased ROS generation by non-fME was decreased about 51.6%. When BEAS-2B cells were exposed to fME, a time-dependent reduction in CRV was observed. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ME-exposure in the ALI system induces cytotoxicity and oxidative stress responses. The addition of a 0.20 μm PM filter significantly modifies the particulate composition in PM and the concentration of THC, and shows protective effects by improving the survival of exposed lung epithelial cells and reducing the ROS generation. Therefore, emission factors such as different size of PM and THC from motorcycles may play a role in ME-induced toxicity.
本研究旨在调查使用0.20μm颗粒物（PM）过滤器是否能降低在气液界面（ALI）插入物中培养的肺上皮细胞中，由摩托车尾气（ME，一种气体和颗粒的混合物）诱导的细胞毒性。测量了通过0.20μm过滤器过滤的ME（fME）和未过滤的ME（非fME）中PM、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、总碳氢化合物（THC）、总挥发性有机化合物和氮氧化物的浓度。将肺上皮细胞暴露于ALI腔室中的清洁空气、fME或非fME中。测定细胞相对活力（CRV）和活性氧（ROS）的产生。我们的结果表明，PM是ME中PM的主要成分。过滤后，与非fME相比，PM和THC水平显著降低。与暴露于清洁空气的组相比，暴露于fME和非fME组的CRV均显著降低（p < 0.001），而它们的ROS产生显著增加（p < 0.001）。与暴露于非fME组相比，暴露于fME后CRV和ROS产生显著改善（p < 0.05）。结果，由于PM和THC浓度分别降低了约90%和22.71%，CRV从40.4%（非fME）提高到55.7%（fME），非fME增加的ROS产生减少了约51.6%。当BEAS - 2B细胞暴露于fME时，观察到CRV呈时间依赖性降低。总之，我们的研究结果表明，在ALI系统中暴露于ME会诱导细胞毒性和氧化应激反应。添加0.20μm PM过滤器可显著改变PM中的颗粒成分和THC浓度，并通过提高暴露的肺上皮细胞的存活率和减少ROS产生显示出保护作用。因此，摩托车不同大小的PM和THC等排放因子可能在ME诱导的毒性中起作用。
