Santiago-Rodriguez Tasha M, Narganes-Storde Yvonne, Chanlatte-Baik Luis, Toranzos Gary A, Cano Raul J
Center for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA, United States of America.
Biology Deparment, California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA, United States of America.
PeerJ. 2017 May 2;5:e3277. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3277. eCollection 2017.
The study of ancient microorganisms in mineralized dental plaque or calculi is providing insights into microbial evolution, as well as lifestyles and disease states of extinct cultures; yet, little is still known about the oral microbial community structure and function of pre-Columbian Caribbean cultures. In the present study, we investigated the dental calculi microbiome and predicted function of one of these cultures, known as the Saladoid. The Saladoids were horticulturalists that emphasized root-crop production. Fruits, as well as small marine and terrestrial animals were also part of the Saladoid diet.
Dental calculi samples were recovered from the archaeological site of Sorcé, in the municipal island of Vieques, Puerto Rico, characterized using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, and compared to the microbiome of previously characterized coprolites of the same culture, as well modern plaque, saliva and stool microbiomes available from the Human Microbiome Project.
Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes comprised the majority of the Saladoid dental calculi microbiome. The Saladoid dental calculi microbiome was distinct when compared to those of modern saliva and dental plaque, but showed the presence of common inhabitants of modern oral cavities including sp., and . Cell motility, signal transduction and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites may be unique features of the Saladoid microbiome.
Results suggest that the Saladoid dental calculi microbiome structure and function may possibly reflect a horticulturalist lifestyle and distinct dietary habits. Results also open the opportunity to further elucidate oral disease states in extinct Caribbean cultures and extinct indigenous cultures with similar lifestyles.
对矿化牙菌斑或牙结石中古代微生物的研究有助于深入了解微生物进化，以及已灭绝文化的生活方式和疾病状态；然而，对于前哥伦布时期加勒比文化的口腔微生物群落结构和功能，我们仍然知之甚少。在本研究中，我们调查了其中一种名为沙拉多伊德文化的牙结石微生物组及其预测功能。沙拉多伊德人是园艺学家，强调根茎作物的生产。水果以及小型海洋和陆地动物也是沙拉多伊德人饮食的一部分。
从波多黎各别克斯市索塞考古遗址采集牙结石样本，使用16S rRNA基因高通量测序进行表征，并与同一文化中先前表征的粪化石微生物组以及人类微生物组计划提供的现代牙菌斑、唾液和粪便微生物组进行比较。
放线菌、变形菌和厚壁菌占沙拉多伊德牙结石微生物组的大部分。与现代唾液和牙菌斑相比，沙拉多伊德牙结石微生物组是独特的，但显示出存在现代口腔中的常见居民，包括 菌属、 菌属和 菌属。细胞运动、信号转导和其他次生代谢产物的生物合成可能是沙拉多伊德微生物组的独特特征。
结果表明，沙拉多伊德牙结石微生物组的结构和功能可能反映了园艺学家的生活方式和独特的饮食习惯。研究结果还为进一步阐明已灭绝的加勒比文化和具有相似生活方式的已灭绝本土文化中的口腔疾病状态提供了机会。
