Zhan Jiayu, Jiang Xiaoming, Politzer-Ahles Stephen, Zhou Xiaolin
School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
Key Laboratory of Computational Linguistics (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2017 Aug;38(8):3848-3864. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23633. Epub 2017 May 8.
Communication involves successfully deriving a speaker's meaning beyond the literal expression. Using fMRI, it was investigated how the listener's brain realizes distinctions between enrichment-based meanings and literal semantic meanings. The neural patterns of the Mandarin scalar quantifier you-de (similar to some in English) which implies the meanings not all and not most via scalar enrichment, with the specific quantifier shao-shu-de (similar to less than half in English) which lexico-semantically encodes the meanings not all and not most, were compared. Listeners heard sentences using either quantifier, paired with pictures in which either less than half, more than half, or all of the people depicted in the picture were doing the described activity; thus, the conditions included both implicature-based and semantics-based picture-sentence mismatches. Imaging results showed bilateral ventral IFG was activated for both kinds of mismatch, whereas basal ganglia and left dorsal IFG were activated uniquely for implicature-based mismatch. These findings suggest that resolving conflicts involving inferential aspects of meaning employs different neural mechanisms than the processing based on literal semantic meaning, and that the dorsal prefrontal/basal ganglia pathway makes a contribution to implicature-based interpretation. Furthermore, within the implicature-based conditions, different neural generators were implicated in the processing of strong implicature mismatch (you-de in the context of a picture in which "all" would have been true) and weak implicature mismatch (you-de in the context of a picture in which "most" would have been true), which may have important implications for theories of pragmatic comprehension. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3848-3864, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
沟通涉及成功理解说话者字面表达之外的含义。利用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术，研究了听众大脑如何区分基于语义丰富的含义和字面语义含义。比较了汉语标量量词“有的”（类似于英语中的“some”）通过标量丰富暗示“并非全部”和“并非大多数”的含义，以及具体量词“少数的”（类似于英语中的“less than half”）在词汇语义上编码“并非全部”和“并非大多数”的含义时的神经模式。听众听到使用这两种量词之一的句子，并与图片配对，图片中描绘的人物中，要么不到一半、要么超过一半、要么全部都在进行所描述的活动；因此，这些条件包括基于隐含意义和基于语义的图片-句子不匹配。成像结果显示，两种不匹配情况均激活了双侧腹侧额下回，而基底神经节和左侧背侧额下回仅在基于隐含意义的不匹配中被激活。这些发现表明，解决涉及意义推理方面的冲突所采用的神经机制与基于字面语义意义的处理不同，并且背侧前额叶/基底神经节通路对基于隐含意义的解释有贡献。此外，在基于隐含意义的条件下，不同的神经发生器参与了强隐含意义不匹配（在“所有”情况本应成立的图片背景下的“有的”）和弱隐含意义不匹配（在“大多数”情况本应成立的图片背景下的“有的”）的处理，这可能对语用理解理论具有重要意义。《人类大脑图谱》38:3848 - 3864，2017年。© 2017威利期刊公司。
