Han Lei, Gao Qianqian, Yang Jingjin, Wu Qiuyun, Zhu Baoli, Zhang Hengdong, Ding Bangmei, Ni Chunhui
Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210028, China.
Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 May 6;14(5):489. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14050489.
To investigate the mortality probability, life expectancy of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), and related factors of life expectancy, a total of 495 patients with CWP were diagnosed and reported from 1963 to 2014 in a state-owned mine in the east of China. The life table method, log rank method, and Cox regression model were used for survival analysis. 95 out of 495 CWP died during this period. The mortality rate was 19.19%. The average life span was 12.1 (0.0-33.2) years and average death age was 57.4 (33.0-83.0) years. The life table indicated that overall mortality probability increased with the age of CWP patients. Life expectancy of CWP patients was prolonged to 4.3, 1.4, 1.2, and 1.4 years without death caused by pneumoconiosis, tuberculosis, lung cancer, and pulmonary heart disease respectively. The survival curve of CWP patients without pulmonary tuberculosis was higher (average 37.9 years) than patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (average 34.1 years). There was significant difference observed (χ² = 6.196, < 0.05). Three risk factors that include initial dust exposure year, age of onset, and first diagnostic stage were put into the Cox regression model for evaluation. The data indicated that prevention and treatment of CWP complication is important to improve patients' survival rates.
为研究煤工尘肺（CWP）患者的死亡概率、预期寿命及预期寿命的相关因素，对中国东部某国有煤矿1963年至2014年诊断并报告的495例CWP患者进行研究。采用寿命表法、对数秩检验法和Cox回归模型进行生存分析。在此期间，495例CWP患者中有95例死亡。死亡率为19.19%。平均寿命为12.1（0.0 - 33.2）年，平均死亡年龄为57.4（33.0 - 83.0）岁。寿命表显示，CWP患者的总体死亡概率随年龄增加而升高。CWP患者的预期寿命分别因未死于尘肺、肺结核、肺癌和肺心病而延长至4.3年、1.4年、1.2年和1.4年。无肺结核的CWP患者生存曲线高于有肺结核的患者（平均37.9岁对平均34.1岁）。差异有统计学意义（χ² = 6.196，P < 0.05）。将开始接触粉尘年份、发病年龄和首次诊断分期这三个危险因素纳入Cox回归模型进行评估。数据表明，防治CWP并发症对提高患者生存率至关重要。
