Jankowski Mateusz, Brożek Grzegorz, Lawson Joshua, Skoczyński Szymon, Zejda Jan Eugeniusz
Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland (School of Medicine in Katowice, Department of Epidemiology).
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada (Canadian Center for Health and Safety in Agriculture, Department of Medicine).
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2017 May 8;30(3):329-344. doi: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01046. Epub 2017 Mar 10.
E-cigarette use has become increasingly popular, especially among the young. Its long-term influence upon health is unknown. Aim of this review has been to present the current state of knowledge about the impact of e-cigarette use on health, with an emphasis on Central and Eastern Europe. During the preparation of this narrative review, the literature on e-cigarettes available within the network PubMed was retrieved and examined. In the final review, 64 research papers were included. We specifically assessed the construction and operation of the e-cigarette as well as the chemical composition of the e-liquid; the impact that vapor arising from the use of e-cigarette explored in experimental models in vitro; and short-term effects of use of e-cigarettes on users' health. Among the substances inhaled by the e-smoker, there are several harmful products, such as: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acroleine, propanal, nicotine, acetone, o-methyl-benzaldehyde, carcinogenic nitrosamines. Results from experimental animal studies indicate the negative impact of e-cigarette exposure on test models, such as ascytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, airway hyper reactivity, airway remodeling, mucin production, apoptosis, and emphysematous changes. The short-term impact of e-cigarettes on human health has been studied mostly in experimental setting. Available evidence shows that the use of e-cigarettes may result in acute lung function responses (e.g., increase in impedance, peripheral airway flow resistance) and induce oxidative stress. Based on the current available evidence, e-cigarette use is associated with harmful biologic responses, although it may be less harmful than traditional cigarettes. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(3):329-344.
电子烟的使用日益普遍，尤其是在年轻人当中。其对健康的长期影响尚不清楚。本综述的目的是介绍关于电子烟使用对健康影响的当前知识状况，重点关注中东欧地区。在撰写本叙述性综述时，检索并审查了网络数据库PubMed中有关电子烟的文献。最终纳入综述的有64篇研究论文。我们特别评估了电子烟的构造和操作以及电子烟液的化学成分；在体外实验模型中探讨了电子烟使用产生的蒸汽的影响；以及电子烟使用对使用者健康的短期影响。在电子烟使用者吸入的物质中，有几种有害产物，如：甲醛、乙醛、丙烯醛、丙醛、尼古丁、丙酮、邻甲基苯甲醛、致癌亚硝胺。实验动物研究结果表明，电子烟暴露对测试模型有负面影响，如细胞毒性、氧化应激、炎症、气道高反应性、气道重塑、粘蛋白产生、细胞凋亡和气肿性变化。电子烟对人类健康的短期影响大多是在实验环境中进行研究的。现有证据表明，使用电子烟可能导致急性肺功能反应（如阻抗增加、外周气道流动阻力增加）并诱导氧化应激。基于目前可得的证据，电子烟的使用与有害的生物学反应相关，尽管其危害可能比传统香烟小。《国际职业医学与环境卫生杂志》2017年；30(3):329 - 344。
