Hendricks Sharief, van Niekerk Tiffany, Sin Drew Wade, Lambert Mike, den Hollander Steve, Brown James, Maree Willie, Treu Paul, Till Kevin, Jones Ben
a Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Centre for Sport Performance, School of Sport , Leeds Beckett University , Leeds , UK.
b Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.
J Sports Sci. 2018 Mar;36(5):522-528. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1322216. Epub 2017 May 8.
The most frequently occurring contact events in rugby union are the tackle and ruck. The ability repeatedly to engage and win the tackle and ruck has been associated with team success. To win the tackle and ruck, players have to perform specific techniques. These techniques have not been studied at the highest level of rugby union. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify technical determinants of tackle and ruck performance at the highest level of rugby union. A total of 4479 tackle and 2914 ruck events were coded for the Six Nations and Championship competitions. Relative risk ratio (RR), the ratio of the probability of an outcome occurring when a characteristic was observed (versus the non-observed characteristic), was determined using multinomial logistic regression. Executing front-on tackles reduced the likelihood of offloads and tackle breaks in both competitions (Six Nations RR 3.0 Behind tackle, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.9-4.6, effect size [ES] = large, P < 0.001); Championship RR 2.9 Jersey tackle, 95% CI: 1.3-6.4, ES = moderate, P = 0.01). Fending during contact increased the chances of offloading and breaking the tackle in both competitions (Six Nations RR 4.5 Strong, 95% CI: 2.2-9.2, ES = large, P = P < 0.001; Championship RR 5.1 Moderate, 95% CI: 3.5-7.4, ES = large, P < 0.001). For the ruck, actively placing the ball increased the probability of maintaining possession (Six Nations RR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1-4.3, ES = moderate, P = 0.03); Championship RR 4.0, 95% CI: 1.3-11.8, ES = large, P = 0.01). The techniques identified in this study should be incorporated and emphasised during training to prepare players for competition. Furthermore, these techniques need to be added to coaching manuals for the tackle and ruck.
英式橄榄球联盟中最常出现的接触动作是擒抱和ruck（争球）。能够反复参与并成功完成擒抱和ruck动作与球队的成功相关。为了赢得擒抱和ruck，球员必须执行特定的技术动作。这些技术动作在英式橄榄球联盟的最高水平赛事中尚未得到研究。因此，本研究的目的是确定英式橄榄球联盟最高水平赛事中擒抱和ruck表现的技术决定因素。对六国锦标赛和冠军杯赛中的4479次擒抱动作和2914次ruck动作进行了编码。相对风险比率（RR），即观察到某个特征时结果发生的概率与未观察到该特征时结果发生概率的比值，通过多项逻辑回归确定。在两项赛事中，正面进行擒抱可降低传球和摆脱擒抱的可能性（六国锦标赛中，正面擒抱的RR为3.0，背后擒抱为95%置信区间[95%CI]：1.9 - 4.6，效应量[ES] = 大，P < 0.001）；冠军杯赛中，正面擒抱的RR为2.9，侧面擒抱为95%CI：1.3 - 6.4，ES = 中等，P = 0.01）。在接触过程中进行躲闪增加了两项赛事中传球和摆脱擒抱的机会（六国锦标赛中，强力躲闪的RR为4.5，95%CI：2.2 - 9.2，ES = 大，P < 0.001；冠军杯赛中，适度躲闪的RR为5.1，95%CI：3.5 - 7.4，ES = 大，P < 0.001）。对于ruck动作，积极放置球增加了保持控球权的概率（六国锦标赛中，RR为2.2，95%CI：1.1 - 4.3，ES = 中等，P = 0.03）；冠军杯赛中，RR为4.0，95%CI：1.3 - 11.8，ES = 大，P = 0.01）。本研究中确定的技术动作应在训练中加以纳入和强调，以使球员为比赛做好准备。此外，这些技术动作需要添加到擒抱和ruck的教练手册中。
