Petrie Freja J, Woodward James Stephen, McLeod Shreya, West Stephen William, Salmon Danielle, Gardner Andrew J, Shill Isla J, Romanchuk Janelle, Dane Kathryn, Kitchin Matthew, Jones Ben, Mackintosh Kelly A, Starbuck Chelsea, Hendricks Sharief, Philips Gemma, Jones Sam, Tierney Gregory, McNarry Melitta A
Assistive Technology Innovation Centre (ATiC), University of Wales Trinity St David, Swansea, UK.
School of Sport, Ulster University, Belfast, UK.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2025 Aug;25(8):e70015. doi: 10.1002/ejsc.70015.
Understanding how players experience head-acceleration events (HAE) whilst playing rugby is a priority area of research. In both rugby union and league, video analysis frameworks have been developed to comprehensively define key features of contact events. However, these frameworks were developed prior to recent advances in our understanding regarding the proportion of HAEs that occur due to head-to-ground mechanisms and do not consider important post-contact variables. Therefore, there is a need to supplement the existing frameworks in order to capture how players fall and land post-tackle. This study used the Delphi method with an interdisciplinary, international team of researchers, coaches and video analysts (working with a variety of playing levels in rugby union and league) to establish a consensus for defining falling and landing events. Subsequently, a draft framework was developed on which the research team provided feedback via online meetings, culminating in the falling/landing framework that each member of the research team rated agreement on, via a nine-point Likert-type scale, with consensus deemed to be reached when the median score was ≥ 7. The median scores were 8.0 (7.8-8.0), 8.0 (7.0-9.0) and 8.0 (8.0-9.0) for 'Additional Contextual Characteristics for Carry and Tackle Events,' 'Falling Characteristics of Tackle and Carry Events,' and 'Landing Characteristics of Tackle and Carry Events,' respectively. This novel framework defines more comprehensive falling and landing variables to capture post-contact injury and performance markers in both rugby union and league, through a standardised approach.
了解球员在进行橄榄球运动时如何体验头部加速事件（HAE）是一个优先研究领域。在英式橄榄球联合会和英式橄榄球联盟中，都已开发出视频分析框架来全面定义接触事件的关键特征。然而，这些框架是在我们对因头部着地机制导致的HAE比例的理解取得最新进展之前开发的，并且没有考虑重要的接触后变量。因此，有必要补充现有框架，以捕捉球员在擒抱后如何摔倒和着地。本研究采用德尔菲法，与一个跨学科的国际研究团队、教练和视频分析师（涉及英式橄榄球联合会和英式橄榄球联盟的各种比赛级别）合作，就定义摔倒和着地事件达成共识。随后，制定了一个框架草案，研究团队通过在线会议提供反馈，最终形成了摔倒/着地框架，研究团队的每个成员通过九点李克特量表对该框架进行评分，当中位数得分≥7时视为达成共识。“擒抱和带球事件的附加情境特征”“擒抱和带球事件的摔倒特征”和“擒抱和带球事件的着地特征”的中位数得分分别为8.0（7.8 - 8.0）、8.0（7.0 - 9.0）和8.0（8.0 - 9.0）。这个新颖的框架通过标准化方法定义了更全面的摔倒和着地变量，以捕捉英式橄榄球联合会和英式橄榄球联盟中接触后的损伤和表现指标。
