Contreras G Andres, Strieder-Barboza Clarissa, Raphael William
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2017 May 5;8:41. doi: 10.1186/s40104-017-0174-4. eCollection 2017.
Elevated concentrations of plasma fatty acids in transition dairy cows are significantly associated with increased disease susceptibility and poor lactation performance. The main source of plasma fatty acids throughout the transition period is lipolysis from adipose tissue depots. During this time, plasma fatty acids serve as a source of calories mitigating the negative energy balance prompted by copious milk synthesis and limited dry matter intake. Past research has demonstrated that lipolysis in the adipose organ is a complex process that includes not only the activation of lipolytic pathways in response to neural, hormonal, or paracrine stimuli, but also important changes in the structure and cellular distribution of the tissue in a process known as adipose tissue remodeling. This process involves an inflammatory response with immune cell migration, proliferation of the cellular components of the stromal vascular fraction, and changes in the extracellular matrix. This review summarizes current knowledge on lipolysis in dairy cattle, expands on the new field of adipose tissue remodeling, and discusses how these biological processes affect transition cow health and productivity.
围产期奶牛血浆脂肪酸浓度升高与疾病易感性增加和泌乳性能不佳显著相关。整个围产期血浆脂肪酸的主要来源是脂肪组织库的脂肪分解。在此期间，血浆脂肪酸作为热量来源，减轻了大量产奶和干物质摄入量有限所引发的负能量平衡。过去的研究表明，脂肪器官中的脂肪分解是一个复杂的过程，不仅包括响应神经、激素或旁分泌刺激而激活脂肪分解途径，还包括在一个称为脂肪组织重塑的过程中组织的结构和细胞分布发生的重要变化。这个过程涉及免疫细胞迁移的炎症反应、基质血管成分细胞成分的增殖以及细胞外基质的变化。本综述总结了目前关于奶牛脂肪分解的知识，扩展了脂肪组织重塑这一新领域，并讨论了这些生物学过程如何影响围产期奶牛的健康和生产力。
