Demming Thomas, Bonnemeier Hendrik
Klinik für Innere Medizin III für Kardiologie, Angiologie, Intensivmedizin, Abteilung für Elektrophysiologie und Rhythmologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold Heller Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland.
Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol. 2017 Jun;28(2):162-168. doi: 10.1007/s00399-017-0500-8. Epub 2017 May 9.
Ventricular tachyarrhythmia is a severe and life-threatening potential side effect of pharmacotherapy. Substances with proarrhythmic potential belong to various groups of medication. Apart from antiarrhythmic agents, especially antibiotics and psychiatric drugs are worth mentioning owing to their broad application. Interaction with cardiac potassium channels is the most important reason for drug-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Over 20 years of research in animal models and clinical studies have uncovered the underlying mechanisms. Findings in this field of research have also made a contribution to the understanding of genetic long QT syndromes. Clinical concerns that take drug interactions into account have been neglected due to the mechanistic research approach. For daily clinical practice, combination therapy of several potentially arrhythmogenic drugs is of predominant concern especially in situations when the therapeutic regime is changing such as admission to the hospital, admission to an intensive care unit or consultation of a new specialist. Especially in these situations, considerations about the arrhythmogenic potential of additionally administered drugs should be paid explicit attention. Additional concern should be paid to the fact that several proarrhythmogenic agents are metabolized over single pathways and are therefore prone to drug interactions that can severely raise the drug concentration and as a result arrhythmogenic potential.
室性快速心律失常是药物治疗的一种严重且危及生命的潜在副作用。具有促心律失常潜力的物质属于不同的药物类别。除抗心律失常药物外,尤其值得一提的是抗生素和精神药物,因为它们应用广泛。与心脏钾通道的相互作用是药物诱发室性快速心律失常的最重要原因。在动物模型和临床研究方面超过20年的研究已经揭示了其潜在机制。该研究领域的发现也为理解遗传性长QT综合征做出了贡献。由于采用机制研究方法,考虑药物相互作用的临床问题被忽视了。对于日常临床实践而言,几种潜在致心律失常药物的联合治疗是主要关注点,尤其是在治疗方案发生变化的情况下,如入院、入住重症监护病房或咨询新专科医生时。特别是在这些情况下,应特别关注额外使用药物的致心律失常潜力。还应额外关注的是,几种促心律失常药物通过单一途径代谢,因此容易发生药物相互作用,这可能会严重提高药物浓度,进而增加致心律失常潜力。