* Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea.
† Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
Am J Chin Med. 2017;45(4):833-846. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X17500446. Epub 2017 May 11.
The extract of chestnut (Castanea crenata var. dulcis) flower (CCDF) has antioxidant and antimelanogenic properties, but its anti-obesity properties have not been previously examined. In this study, we tested the effect of CCDF absolute on adipocyte differentiation by using 3T3-L1 cells and determining the bioactive component of CCDF absolute in 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. CCDF absolute (0.1-100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL) did not change 3T3-L1 cell viability. At 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL and 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL, the absolute significantly reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells that were induced by culture in medium containing 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine/dexamethasone/insulin (MDI). GC/MS analysis showed that CCDF absolute contains 10 compounds. Among these compounds, cinnamyl alcohol (3-phenyl-2-propene-1-ol) dose-dependently inhibited the increased accumulation of lipid droplets in MDI-contained medium-cultured 3T3-L1 cells at a concentration range of 0.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL to 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL that did not cause cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 cells. The inhibitory effect was significant at 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL ([Formula: see text] of response in MDI alone-treated state, [Formula: see text]) and 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL ([Formula: see text] of response in MDI alone-treated state, [Formula: see text]). Moreover, the enhanced expression of obesity-related proteins (PPAR[Formula: see text], C/EBP[Formula: see text], SREBP-1c, and FAS) in MDI medium-cultivated 3T3-L1 cells was significantly attenuated by the addition of cinnamyl alcohol at 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL and 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL. These findings demonstrate that cinnamyl alcohol suppresses 3T3-L1 cell differentiation by inhibiting anti-adipogenesis-related proteins, and it may be a main bioactive component of CCDF absolute, exerting antidifferentiation action in 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, cinnamyl alcohol, as well as CCDF absolute, may be potential candidates for the prevention or treatment of obesity.
栗花（Castanea crenata var. dulcis）提取物具有抗氧化和抗黑色素生成特性，但尚未研究其抗肥胖特性。在这项研究中，我们使用 3T3-L1 细胞测试了 CCDF 绝对物对脂肪细胞分化的影响，并确定了 3T3-L1 细胞分化中 CCDF 绝对物的生物活性成分。CCDF 绝对物（0.1-100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL）不改变 3T3-L1 细胞活力。在 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL 和 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL 时，绝对物显著减少了在含有 3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤/地塞米松/胰岛素（MDI）的培养基中诱导的 3T3-L1 细胞中脂滴的积累。GC/MS 分析表明，CCDF 绝对物包含 10 种化合物。在这些化合物中，肉桂醇（3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-醇）以浓度依赖的方式抑制了在含有 MDI 的培养基中培养的 3T3-L1 细胞中脂滴的增加积累，浓度范围为 0.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL 至 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL，在 3T3-L1 细胞中不引起细胞毒性。在 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL（在单独用 MDI 处理的状态下，[Formula: see text]）和 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL（在单独用 MDI 处理的状态下，[Formula: see text]）时，抑制作用显著。此外，肉桂醇在 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL 和 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL 时，显著减弱了在 MDI 培养基中培养的 3T3-L1 细胞中肥胖相关蛋白（PPAR[Formula: see text]、C/EBP[Formula: see text]、SREBP-1c 和 FAS）的表达增强。这些发现表明，肉桂醇通过抑制抗脂肪生成相关蛋白来抑制 3T3-L1 细胞分化，它可能是 CCDF 绝对物的主要生物活性成分，在 3T3-L1 细胞中发挥抗分化作用。因此，肉桂醇以及 CCDF 绝对物可能是预防或治疗肥胖的潜在候选药物。
