Comstock Sarah S, Li Min, Wang Mei, Monaco Marcia H, Kuhlenschmidt Theresa B, Kuhlenschmidt Mark S, Donovan Sharon M
Food Science and Human Nutrition and.
Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
J Nutr. 2017 Jun;147(6):1041-1047. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.243774. Epub 2017 May 10.
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have antimicrobial and immunomodulatory actions. It has previously been reported that these oligosaccharides contribute to the reduced duration of rotavirus-induced diarrhea in pigs. We measured the effects of HMOs and prebiotic oligosaccharides on immune cell populations from noninfected and rotavirus-infected pigs. We hypothesized that dietary HMOs would modulate systemic and gastrointestinal immunity. Colostrum-deprived newborn pigs were fed formula, formula with 4 g HMOs/L (2'-fucosyllactose, lacto--neotetraose, 6'-sialyllactose, 3'-sialyllactose, and free sialic acid), or formula with 3.6 g short-chain galactooligosaccharides/L and 0.4 g long-chain fructooligosaccharides/L. On day 10, half of the pigs were infected with the porcine rotavirus strain OSU. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and ileal Peyer's patch immune cell populations were assessed with the use of flow cytometry 5 d postinfection. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing cells were assessed with the use of Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSpot assay. Infection changed immune cell populations with more systemic natural killer (NK) cells, memory effector T cells, and major histocompatibility complex II cells in infected than noninfected pigs ( < 0.06). Regardless of infection status, HMO-fed pigs had nearly twice as many PBMC NK cells, 36% more MLN effector memory T cells, and 5 times more PBMC basophils than formula-fed pigs ( < 0.04). These populations were intermediate in pigs fed prebiotics. PBMCs from HMO-fed noninfected pigs had twice as many IFN-γ-producing cells as did those from formula-fed noninfected pigs ( = 0.017). The PBMCs and MLNs of formula-fed noninfected pigs had 3 times more plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) than those of HMO-fed noninfected and formula-fed infected pigs ( < 0.04). In the MLNs, the formula-fed noninfected pigs had more macrophages, pDCs, and mature DCs ( < 0.04) but fewer immature DCs than HMO-fed noninfected pigs ( = 0.022). Dietary HMOs were more effective than prebiotics in altering systemic and gastrointestinal immune cells in pigs. These altered immune cell populations may mediate the effects of dietary HMOs on rotavirus infection susceptibility.
人乳寡糖（HMOs）具有抗菌和免疫调节作用。此前有报道称，这些寡糖有助于缩短猪轮状病毒感染引起的腹泻持续时间。我们测量了HMOs和益生元寡糖对未感染和感染轮状病毒的猪的免疫细胞群体的影响。我们假设，日粮中的HMOs会调节全身和胃肠道免疫力。给初乳缺乏的新生仔猪喂食配方奶、每升含4克HMOs（2'-岩藻糖基乳糖、乳糖-N-新四糖、6'-唾液酸乳糖、3'-唾液酸乳糖和游离唾液酸）的配方奶，或每升含3.6克短链低聚半乳糖和0.4克长链低聚果糖的配方奶。在第10天，一半的仔猪感染猪轮状病毒OSU株。感染后5天，使用流式细胞术评估外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）、肠系膜淋巴结（MLN）和回肠派伊尔结免疫细胞群体。使用酶联免疫斑点试验评估产生干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）的细胞。感染改变了免疫细胞群体，与未感染的猪相比，感染的猪体内全身自然杀伤（NK）细胞、记忆效应T细胞和主要组织相容性复合体II细胞更多（P<0.06）。无论感染状态如何，与喂食配方奶的猪相比，喂食HMOs的猪的PBMC NK细胞数量几乎多一倍，MLN效应记忆T细胞多36%，PBMC嗜碱性粒细胞多5倍（P<0.04）。这些细胞群体在喂食益生元的猪中处于中间水平。来自喂食HMOs的未感染猪的PBMC产生IFN-γ的细胞数量是来自喂食配方奶的未感染猪的两倍（P = 0.017）。喂食配方奶的未感染猪的PBMC和MLN中的浆细胞样树突状细胞（pDCs）比喂食HMOs的未感染猪和喂食配方奶的感染猪多3倍（P<0.04）。在MLN中，喂食配方奶的未感染猪的巨噬细胞、pDCs和成熟DCs更多（P<0.04），但未成熟DCs比喂食HMOs的未感染猪少（P = 0.022）。日粮中的HMOs在改变猪的全身和胃肠道免疫细胞方面比益生元更有效。这些改变的免疫细胞群体可能介导了日粮HMOs对轮状病毒感染易感性的影响。
