Gormley Alexa, Garavito-Duarte Yesid, Kim Sung Woo
Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Biology (Basel). 2024 Aug 26;13(9):663. doi: 10.3390/biology13090663.
The objective of this review was to identify the characteristics and functional roles of milk coproducts from human, bovine, and porcine sources and their impacts on the intestinal microbiota and intestinal immunity of suckling and nursery pigs. Modern pig production weans piglets at 3 to 4 weeks of age, which is earlier than pigs would naturally be weaned outside of artificial rearing. As a result, the immature intestines of suckling and nursery pigs face many challenges associated with intestinal dysbiosis, which can be caused by weaning stress or the colonization of the intestines by enteric pathogens. Milk oligosaccharides are found in sow milk and function as a prebiotic in the intestines of pigs as they cannot be degraded by mammalian enzymes and are thus utilized by intestinal microbial populations. The consumption of milk oligosaccharides during suckling and through the nursery phase can provide benefits to young pigs by encouraging the proliferation of beneficial microbial populations, preventing pathogen adhesion to enterocytes, and through directly modulating immune responses. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the specific functional components of milk oligosaccharides from human, bovine, and porcine sources, and identify potential strategies to utilize milk oligosaccharides to benefit young pigs through the suckling and nursery periods.
本综述的目的是确定来自人、牛和猪源的乳副产品的特性和功能作用，以及它们对哺乳仔猪和保育猪肠道微生物群和肠道免疫的影响。现代养猪生产在仔猪3至4周龄时断奶，这比在非人工饲养条件下猪自然断奶的时间要早。因此，哺乳仔猪和保育猪未成熟的肠道面临许多与肠道菌群失调相关的挑战，这可能是由断奶应激或肠道病原体在肠道内定植引起的。母乳中含有乳寡糖，由于其不能被哺乳动物酶降解，因此可被肠道微生物群利用，从而在猪肠道中发挥益生元的作用。在哺乳期间和保育阶段食用乳寡糖，可通过促进有益微生物群的增殖、防止病原体黏附于肠上皮细胞以及直接调节免疫反应，为仔猪带来益处。因此，本综述旨在总结来自人、牛和猪源的乳寡糖的特定功能成分，并确定利用乳寡糖使仔猪在哺乳和保育期受益的潜在策略。
