University of Turku, Finland; The Welfare District of Forssa, Finland.
University of Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Finland.
Nurs Ethics. 2019 Mar;26(2):526-540. doi: 10.1177/0969733017705005. Epub 2017 May 11.
: Whistle-blowing is an ethical activity that tries to end wrongdoing. Wrongdoing in healthcare varies from inappropriate behaviour to illegal action. Whistle-blowing can have negative consequences for the whistle-blower, often in the form of bullying or retribution. Despite the wrongdoing and negative tone of whistle-blowing, there is limited literature exploring them in healthcare.
: The aim was to describe possible wrongdoing in Finnish healthcare and to examine whistle-blowing processes described on the basis of the existing literature in healthcare as perceived by healthcare professionals.
: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. The data were collected using the electronic questionnaire Whistle-blowing in Health Care and analysed statistically.
: A total of 397 Finnish healthcare professionals participated, 278 of whom had either suspected or observed wrongdoing in healthcare, which established the data for this article.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the University (20/2015). Permission to conduct the study was received according to the organisation's policies.
: Wrongdoing occurs in healthcare, as 96% of the participants had suspected and 94% had observed wrongdoing. Regarding the frequency, wrongdoing was suspected (57%) and observed (52%) more than once a month. Organisation-related wrongdoing was the most common type of wrongdoing (suspected 70%, observed 66%). In total, two whistle-blowing processes were confirmed in healthcare: (1) from suspicion to consequences occurred to 27%, and (2) from observation to consequences occurred to 37% of the participants.
: Wrongdoing occurs in healthcare quite frequently. Whistle-blowing processes were described based on the existing literature, but two separate processes were confirmed by the empirical data. More research is needed on wrongdoing and whistle-blowing on it in healthcare.
举报是一种试图制止不当行为的道德行为。医疗保健中的不当行为从不当行为到违法行为不等。举报可能会对举报人造成负面影响，通常表现为欺凌或报复。尽管举报存在不当行为和负面基调，但在医疗保健领域，对其进行探讨的文献有限。
描述芬兰医疗保健中可能存在的不当行为，并根据医疗保健领域现有文献，检查医疗保健专业人员所描述的举报流程。
本研究是一项横断面描述性调查。使用电子问卷“医疗保健中的举报”收集数据，并进行统计分析。
共有 397 名芬兰医疗保健专业人员参与了研究，其中 278 名曾怀疑或观察到医疗保健中的不当行为，这构成了本文的数据基础。
大学伦理委员会（20/2015）批准了该研究。根据组织政策，已获得开展研究的许可。
不当行为确实存在于医疗保健中，96%的参与者曾怀疑过不当行为，94%的参与者曾观察到过不当行为。就频率而言，不当行为被怀疑（57%）和观察（52%）的次数每月超过一次。与组织相关的不当行为是最常见的不当行为类型（怀疑 70%，观察 66%）。在医疗保健中总共确认了两个举报流程：（1）从怀疑到后果发生的流程占 27%，（2）从观察到后果发生的流程占 37%的参与者。
不当行为在医疗保健中相当频繁地发生。根据现有文献描述了举报流程，但实证数据证实了两个单独的流程。需要对医疗保健中的不当行为和举报进行更多研究。
