Dominguez More Gina Paola, Cardenas Paola Andrea, Costa Geison M, Simoes Claudia M O, Aragon Diana Marcela
Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota D.C. Colombia.
Departamento de Quimica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota D.C. Colombia.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2017;17(17):1646-1664. doi: 10.2174/1389557517666170510112508.
Botanical drugs contain plant extracts, which are complex mixtures of compounds. As with conventional drugs, it is necessary to validate their efficacy and safety through preclinical and clinical studies. However, pharmacokinetic studies for active constituents or characteristic markers in botanical drugs are rare.
The objective of this review was to investigate the global state of the art in pharmacokinetic studies of active ingredients present in plant extracts and botanical drugs. A review of pharmacokinetics studies of chemical constituents of plant extracts and botanical drugs was performed, with a total of 135 studies published between January 2004 and February 2015 available in recognized scientific databases. Botanical preparations were mainly found in the form of aqueous extracts of roots and rhizomes. The most widely studied species was Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, and the compound most frequently used as a pharmacokinetic marker was berberine.
Most studies were performed using the Sprague Dawley rat model, and the preparations were mainly administered orally in a single dose. Quantification of plasma concentrations of pharmacokinetic markers was performed mainly by liquid-liquid extraction, followed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detector. In conclusion, in recent years there has been an increasing interest among researchers worldwide in the study of pharmacokinetics of bioactive compounds in botanical drugs and plant extracts, especially those from the Traditional Chinese Medicine.
植物药含有植物提取物，这些提取物是化合物的复杂混合物。与传统药物一样，有必要通过临床前和临床研究来验证其有效性和安全性。然而，针对植物药中活性成分或特征性标志物的药代动力学研究却很少见。
本综述的目的是调查植物提取物和植物药中活性成分药代动力学研究的全球现状。对植物提取物和植物药化学成分的药代动力学研究进行了综述，在公认的科学数据库中共有2004年1月至2015年2月期间发表的135项研究。植物制剂主要以根和根茎的水提取物形式存在。研究最广泛的物种是丹参，最常用作药代动力学标志物的化合物是小檗碱。
大多数研究使用Sprague Dawley大鼠模型进行，制剂主要以单剂量口服给药。药代动力学标志物血浆浓度的定量主要通过液 - 液萃取进行，然后是与质谱检测器联用的高效液相色谱法。总之，近年来，全世界的研究人员对植物药和植物提取物中生物活性化合物的药代动力学研究越来越感兴趣，尤其是来自中药的那些。
