Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo 200005, Nigeria.
Nano and Pico Characterization Laboratories, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
J Integr Med. 2017 May;15(3):214-230. doi: 10.1016/S2095-4964(17)60337-6.
The fatality of cancer is mostly dependent on the possibility of occurrence of metastasis. Thus, if the development of metastasis can be prevented through novel therapeutic strategies targeted against this process, then the success of cancer treatment will drastically increase. In this study, therefore, we evaluated the antimetastatic potentials of an extract of Khaya senegalensis and curcumin on the metastatic liver cell line HepG2, and also assessed the anticancer property of the extract.
Cells were cultured and treated with graded concentrations of test substances for 24, 48, or 72 h with provisions made for negative controls. Treated cells were assessed as follows: nanotechnologically - atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine cell stiffness; biochemically - cell cytotoxicity, glutathione level and adenosine triphosphate status, caspase activation and mitochondrial toxicity were considered; and microbiologically - a carrot disk assay was used to assess the anticancer property of the extract of K. senegalensis.
Curcumin and K. senegalensis increased the cell stiffness by 2.6- and 4.0-fold respectively, indicating their antimetastatic effects. Corresponding changes in redox (glutathione level) and energy (adenosine triphosphate) status of the cells were also demonstrated. Further mechanistic studies indicated that curcumin was not mitotoxic in HepG2 cells unlike the K. senegalensis extract. In addition, the extract potently inhibited the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced genetic transformation based on carrot disk assay.
Cell elasticity measurement data, using AFM, strongly suggested, for the first time, that both curcumin and the extract of K. senegalensis exhibited antimetastatic properties on HepG2 cells.
癌症的死亡率主要取决于转移发生的可能性。因此，如果能通过针对这一过程的新的治疗策略来预防转移的发展，那么癌症治疗的成功率将大大提高。因此，在这项研究中，我们评估了 Khaya senegalensis 提取物和姜黄素对转移性肝癌细胞系 HepG2 的抗转移潜力，并评估了提取物的抗癌特性。
细胞用不同浓度的测试物质培养和处理 24、48 或 72 小时，并设置阴性对照。对处理后的细胞进行如下评估：纳米技术 - 原子力显微镜（AFM）用于测定细胞硬度；生物化学 - 细胞细胞毒性、谷胱甘肽水平和三磷酸腺苷状态、半胱天冬酶激活和线粒体毒性；微生物学 - 胡萝卜片测定法用于评估 K. senegalensis 提取物的抗癌特性。
姜黄素和 K. senegalensis 分别使细胞硬度增加了 2.6 倍和 4.0 倍，表明它们具有抗转移作用。还证明了细胞氧化还原（谷胱甘肽水平）和能量（三磷酸腺苷）状态的相应变化。进一步的机制研究表明，姜黄素不像 K. senegalensis 提取物那样对 HepG2 细胞具有线粒体毒性。此外，提取物在胡萝卜片测定中有力地抑制了根瘤农杆菌诱导的遗传转化。
使用 AFM 的细胞弹性测量数据首次强烈表明，姜黄素和 K. senegalensis 提取物均对 HepG2 细胞表现出抗转移特性。
