Midha Ankur, Schlosser Josephine, Hartmann Susanne
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017 Apr 27;7:144. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00144. eCollection 2017.
Parasitic nematode infections are widespread in nature, affecting humans as well as wild, companion, and livestock animals. Most parasitic nematodes inhabit the intestines of their hosts living in close contact with the intestinal microbiota. Many species also have tissue migratory life stages in the absence of severe systemic inflammation of the host. Despite the close coexistence of helminths with numerous microbes, little is known concerning these interactions. While the environmental niche is considerably different, the free-living nematode () is also found amongst a diverse microbiota, albeit on decaying organic matter. As a very well characterized model organism that has been intensively studied for several decades, interactions with bacteria are much more deeply understood than those of their parasitic counterparts. The enormous breadth of understanding achieved by the research community continues to inform many aspects of nematode parasitology. Here, we summarize what is known regarding parasitic nematode-bacterial interactions while comparing and contrasting this with information from work in . This review highlights findings concerning responses to bacterial stimuli, antimicrobial peptides, and the reciprocal influences between nematodes and their environmental bacteria. Furthermore, the microbiota of nematodes as well as alterations in the intestinal microbiota of mammalian hosts by helminth infections are discussed.
寄生线虫感染在自然界中广泛存在，影响着人类以及野生、伴侣和家畜动物。大多数寄生线虫栖息在宿主的肠道内，与肠道微生物群密切接触。许多物种在宿主没有严重全身炎症的情况下也有组织迁移的生命阶段。尽管蠕虫与众多微生物密切共存，但对这些相互作用却知之甚少。虽然环境生态位有很大不同，但自由生活的线虫（）也存在于多样的微生物群中，不过是在腐烂的有机物上。作为一种经过几十年深入研究的特征明确的模式生物，其与细菌的相互作用比寄生线虫与细菌的相互作用了解得更为深入。该研究群体所取得的广泛认识持续为线虫寄生虫学的许多方面提供信息。在此，我们总结了关于寄生线虫与细菌相互作用的已知情况，同时将其与来自线虫研究的信息进行比较和对比。本综述重点介绍了有关对线虫细菌刺激的反应、抗菌肽以及线虫与其环境细菌之间相互影响的研究结果。此外，还讨论了线虫的微生物群以及蠕虫感染对哺乳动物宿主肠道微生物群的改变。
