Granger Adam J, Wallace Michael L, Sabatini Bernardo L
Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2017 Aug;45:85-91. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.04.007. Epub 2017 May 10.
It is firmly established that many mammalian neurons release various combinations of amino acids, their derivatives, and other small molecules from presynaptic terminals in order to signal to their postsynaptic targets. Here we discuss recent findings about four types of multi-transmitter neurons-those that release GABA and acetylcholine (Ach); dopamine (DA) and GABA or glutamate; and glutamate and GABA. The mechanisms of co-release in each class differ and highlight the complex and dynamic nature of neurotransmitter release. Furthermore, identifying the neurotransmitter signature of each neuron and the post-synaptic targets of each neurotransmitter remain challenging. The existence of multi-transmitter neurons complicates the interpretation of connectomic wiring diagrams and poses interesting challenges for our understanding of circuit function in the brain.
已经确定，许多哺乳动物神经元从突触前末端释放氨基酸、其衍生物和其他小分子的各种组合，以便向其突触后靶点发出信号。在这里，我们讨论关于四种类型的多递质神经元的最新发现——那些释放γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和乙酰胆碱（Ach）的神经元；多巴胺（DA）和GABA或谷氨酸的神经元；以及谷氨酸和GABA的神经元。每一类中的共释放机制各不相同，并突出了神经递质释放的复杂和动态性质。此外，确定每个神经元的神经递质特征以及每种神经递质的突触后靶点仍然具有挑战性。多递质神经元的存在使连接组布线图的解释变得复杂，并对我们理解大脑中的电路功能提出了有趣的挑战。
