Aval Sedigheh Fekri, Lotfi Hajie, Sheervalilou Roghayeh, Zarghami Nosratollah
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Research Center (UCSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Jul;91:849-860. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.020. Epub 2017 May 11.
Two distinguishing characteristics of stem cells, their continuous division in the undifferentiated state and growth into any cell types, are orchestrated by a number of cell signaling pathways. These pathways act as a niche factor in controlling variety of stem cells. The core stem cell signaling pathways include Wingless-type (Wnt), Hedgehog (HH), and Notch. Additionally, they critically regulate the self-renewal and survival of cancer stem cells. Conversely, stem cells' main properties, lineage commitment and stemness, are tightly controlled by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA-mediated regulatory events. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are cellular switches that modulate stem cells outcomes in response to diverse extracellular signals. Numerous scientific evidences implicating miRNAs in major signal transduction pathways highlight new crosstalks of cellular processes. Aberrant signaling pathways and miRNAs levels result in developmental defects and diverse human pathologies. This review discusses the crosstalk between the components of main signaling networks and the miRNA machinery, which plays a role in the context of stem cells development and provides a set of examples to illustrate the extensive relevance of potential novel therapeutic targets.
干细胞的两个显著特征，即其在未分化状态下的持续分裂以及分化为任何细胞类型的能力，是由多种细胞信号通路协调控制的。这些通路在控制各种干细胞方面起着生态位因子的作用。核心干细胞信号通路包括无翅型（Wnt）、刺猬索尼克（HH）和Notch。此外，它们对癌症干细胞的自我更新和存活起着关键的调节作用。相反，干细胞的主要特性，即谱系定向和干性，受到DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA介导的调控事件等表观遗传机制的严格控制。微小RNA（miRNA）是细胞开关，可根据不同的细胞外信号调节干细胞的分化结果。大量科学证据表明miRNA参与主要信号转导通路，这凸显了细胞过程中的新串扰。异常的信号通路和miRNA水平会导致发育缺陷和多种人类疾病。本综述讨论了主要信号网络成分与miRNA机制之间的串扰，其在干细胞发育过程中发挥作用，并提供了一系列例子来说明潜在新治疗靶点的广泛相关性。
