量化骨骼微观结构中性别、种族和年龄的特定差异需要测量解剖学上等效的区域。

Quantifying sex, race, and age specific differences in bone microstructure requires measurement of anatomically equivalent regions.

作者信息

Ghasem-Zadeh Ali, Burghardt Andrew, Wang Xiao-Fang, Iuliano Sandra, Bonaretti Serena, Bui Minh, Zebaze Roger, Seeman Ego

机构信息

Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

出版信息

Bone. 2017 Aug;101:206-213. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.05.010. Epub 2017 May 11.

DOI:10.1016/j.bone.2017.05.010

PMID:28502884

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Individuals differ in forearm length. As microstructure differs along the radius, we hypothesized that errors may occur when sexual and racial dimorphisms are quantified at a fixed distance from the radio-carpal joint.

METHODS

Microstructure was quantified ex vivo in 18 cadaveric radii using high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography and in vivo in 158 Asian and Caucasian women and men at a fixed region of interest (ROI), a corrected ROI positioned at 4.5-6% of forearm length and using the fixed ROI adjusted for cross sectional area (CSA), forearm length or height. Secular effects of age were assessed by comparing 38 younger and 33 older women.

RESULTS

Ex vivo, similar amounts of bone mass fashioned adjacent cross sections. Larger distal cross sections had thinner porous cortices of lower matrix mineral density (MMD), a larger medullary CSA and higher trabecular density. Smaller proximal cross-sections had thicker less porous cortices of higher MMD, a small medullary canal with little trabecular bone. Taller persons had more distally positioned fixed ROIs which moved proximally when corrected. Shorter persons had more proximally positioned fixed ROIs which moved distally when corrected, so dimorphisms lessened. In the corrected ROIs, in Caucasians, women had 0.6 SD higher porosity and 0.6 SD lower trabecular density than men (p<0.01). In Asians, women had 0.25 SD higher porosity (NS) and 0.5 SD lower trabecular density than men (p<0.05). In women, Asians had 0.8 SD lower porosity and 0.3 SD higher trabecular density than Caucasians (p<0.01). In men, Asians and Caucasians had similar porosity and trabecular density. Results were similar using an adjusted fixed ROI. Adjusting for secular effects of age on forearm length resulted in the age-related increment in porosity increasing from 2.08 SD to 2.48 SD (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

Assessment of sex, race and age related differences in microstructure requires measurement of anatomically equivalent regions.

摘要

引言

个体的前臂长度存在差异。由于桡骨不同部位的微观结构有所不同，我们推测，在距桡腕关节固定距离处量化性别和种族二态性时可能会出现误差。

方法

使用高分辨率外周定量计算机断层扫描对18具尸体的桡骨进行离体微观结构量化，并对158名亚洲和高加索女性及男性在固定感兴趣区域（ROI）、位于前臂长度4.5 - 6%处的校正ROI以及根据横截面积（CSA）、前臂长度或身高调整后的固定ROI进行活体微观结构量化。通过比较38名年轻女性和33名年长女性评估年龄的长期影响。

结果

在离体状态下，相邻横截面的骨质形成量相似。较大的远端横截面具有较薄的多孔皮质，其基质矿物质密度（MMD）较低，髓腔CSA较大且小梁密度较高。较小的近端横截面具有较厚的多孔性较低的皮质，MMD较高，髓腔较小且小梁骨较少。较高的人其固定ROI位置更靠远端，校正后向近端移动。较矮的人其固定ROI位置更靠近端，校正后向远端移动，因此二态性减小。在校正后的ROI中，在高加索人中，女性的孔隙率比男性高0.6个标准差，小梁密度比男性低0.6个标准差（p<0.01）。在亚洲人中，女性的孔隙率比男性高0.25个标准差（无统计学意义），小梁密度比男性低0.5个标准差（p<0.05）。在女性中，亚洲人的孔隙率比高加索人低0.8个标准差，小梁密度比高加索人高0.3个标准差（p<0.01）。在男性中，亚洲人和高加索人的孔隙率和小梁密度相似。使用调整后的固定ROI结果相似。校正年龄对前臂长度的长期影响后，与年龄相关的孔隙率增加从2.08个标准差增至2.48个标准差（p<0.05）。