Herbst Wendy A, Martin Kelsey C
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Interdepartmental Program for Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2017 Aug;45:78-84. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.04.006. Epub 2017 May 11.
Synapse-to-nucleus communication is essential for neural development, plasticity, and repair. In addition to fast electrochemical signaling, neurons employ a slower mechanism of protein transport from synapse-to-nucleus. This mechanism provides potential advantages, including the encoding of spatial information. Many synaptonuclear signaling proteins are transported from the postsynaptic compartment to the nucleus in an activity-dependent manner. The phosphorylation state of two such proteins, CRTC1 and Jacob, is dependent on the stimulus type. While most studies have focused on postsynaptic synaptonuclear communication, a transcriptional co-repressor, CtBP1, was recently discovered to undergo activity-dependent translocation from the presynaptic compartment to the nucleus. Recent evidence indicates that synapse-to-nucleus communication could be cell type-specific, including the identification of a distinct mechanism of excitation-transcription coupling in inhibitory neurons.
突触到细胞核的通讯对于神经发育、可塑性和修复至关重要。除了快速的电化学信号传导外，神经元还采用一种从突触到细胞核的较慢的蛋白质运输机制。这种机制具有潜在优势，包括空间信息的编码。许多突触核信号蛋白以活动依赖的方式从突触后区室运输到细胞核。两种这样的蛋白CRTC1和Jacob的磷酸化状态取决于刺激类型。虽然大多数研究集中在突触后突触核通讯，但最近发现一种转录共抑制因子CtBP1会经历从突触前区室到细胞核的活动依赖的易位。最近的证据表明，突触到细胞核的通讯可能具有细胞类型特异性，包括在抑制性神经元中鉴定出一种独特的兴奋-转录偶联机制。
