Kim Hyeon-Jin, Bae Song-Hwa, Kim Hyoung-Jun, Kim Kyoung-Min, Song Jae Ho, Go Mi-Ran, Yu Jin, Oh Jae-Min, Choi Soo-Jin
Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's UniversitySeoul, South Korea.
Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei UniversityWonju, South Korea.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Apr 28;8:749. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00749. eCollection 2017.
Iron or zinc deficiency is one of the most important nutritional disorders which causes health problem. However, food fortification with minerals often induces unacceptable organoleptic changes during preparation process and storage, has low bioavailability and solubility, and is expensive. Nanotechnology surface modification to obtain novel characteristics can be a useful tool to overcome these problems. In this study, the efficacy and potential toxicity of dispersible Fe or Zn supplement coated in dextrin and glycerides (SunActive Fe and SunActive Zn) were evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity, intestinal transport, and bioavailability, as compared with each counterpart without coating, ferric pyrophosphate (FePP) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), respectively. The results demonstrate that the cytotoxicity of FePP was not significantly affected by surface modification (SunActive Fe), while SunActive Zn was more cytotoxic than ZnO-NPs. Cellular uptake and intestinal transport efficiency of SunActive Fe were significantly higher than those of its counterpart material, which was in good agreement with enhanced oral absorption efficacy after a single-dose oral administration to rats. These results seem to be related to dissolution, particle dispersibility, and coating stability of materials depending on suspending media. Both SunActive products and their counterpart materials were determined to be primarily transported by microfold (M) cells through the intestinal epithelium. It was, therefore, concluded that surface modification of food fortification will be a useful strategy to enhance oral absorption efficiency at safe levels.
铁或锌缺乏是导致健康问题的最重要营养失调之一。然而，用矿物质进行食品强化在制备过程和储存期间常常会引起不可接受的感官变化，生物利用度和溶解度低，并且成本高昂。通过纳米技术进行表面改性以获得新特性可能是克服这些问题的有用工具。在本研究中，与未包衣的对应物焦磷酸铁（FePP）和氧化锌（ZnO）纳米颗粒（NPs）相比，评估了用糊精和甘油酯包衣的可分散铁或锌补充剂（SunActive Fe和SunActive Zn）在细胞毒性、肠道转运和生物利用度方面的功效和潜在毒性。结果表明，FePP的细胞毒性不受表面改性（SunActive Fe）的显著影响，而SunActive Zn比ZnO-NPs的细胞毒性更大。SunActive Fe的细胞摄取和肠道转运效率显著高于其对应材料，这与对大鼠单次口服给药后的口服吸收功效增强一致。这些结果似乎与取决于悬浮介质的材料的溶解、颗粒分散性和包衣稳定性有关。确定SunActive产品及其对应材料主要通过微褶（M）细胞穿过肠上皮进行转运。因此，得出结论，食品强化的表面改性将是在安全水平提高口服吸收效率的有用策略。
