Analysis of RecA-independent recombination events between short direct repeats related to a genomic island and to a plasmid in K12.

RecA-independent recombination events between short direct repeats, leading to deletion of the intervening sequences, were found to occur in two genetic models in the K12 background. The first model was a small genomic island which had been shown to be mobile in its strain of origin and, when cloned, also in the K12 context. However, it did not encode a site-specific recombinase as mobile genomic islands usually do. It was then deduced that the host cells should provide the recombination function. This latter was searched for by means of a PCR approach to detect the island excision in K12 mutants affected in a number of recombination functions, including the 16 K12 site-specific recombinases, the RecET system, and multiple proteins that participate in the RecA-dependent pathways of homologous recombination. None of these appeared to be involved in the island excision. The second model, analyzed in a RecA deficient context, was a plasmid construction containing a short direct repeat proceeding from which flanked the gene. The excision of this gene by recombination of the DNA repeats was confirmed by PCR and through the detection, recovery and characterization of the plasmid deleted form. In sum, we present new evidence on the occurrence of RecA-independent recombination events in K12. Although the mechanism underlying these processes is still unknown, their existence suggests that RecA-independent recombination may confer mobility to other genetic elements, thus contributing to genome plasticity.