Holmgren Jan, Parashar Umesh D, Plotkin Stanley, Louis Jacques, Ng Su-Peing, Desauziers Eric, Picot Valentina, Saadatian-Elahi Mitra
University of Gothenburg Vaccine Research Institute, Box 435, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, United States.
Vaccine. 2017 Jun 8;35(26):3355-3363. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.005. Epub 2017 May 11.
An immunological Correlate of Protection (CoP) is an immune response that is statistically interrelated with protection. Identification of CoPs for enteric vaccines would help design studies to improve vaccine performance of licensed vaccines in low income settings, and would facilitate the testing of future vaccines in development that might be more affordable. CoPs are lacking today for most existing and investigational enteric vaccines. In order to share the latest information on CoPs for enteric vaccines and to discuss novel approaches to correlate mucosal immune responses in humans with protection, the Foundation Mérieux organized an international conference of experts where potential CoPs for vaccines were examined using case-studies for both bacterial and viral enteric pathogens. Experts on the panel concluded that to date, all established enteric vaccine CoPs, such as those for hepatitis A, Vi typhoid and poliovirus vaccines, are based on serological immune responses even though these may poorly reflect the relevant gut immune responses or predict protective efficacy. Known CoPs for cholera, norovirus and rotavirus could be considered as acceptable for comparisons of similarly composed vaccines while more work is still needed to establish CoPs for the remaining enteric pathogens and their candidate vaccines. Novel approaches to correlate human mucosal immune responses with protection include the investigation of gut-originating antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), B memory cells and follicular helper T cells from samples of peripheral blood during their recirculation.
免疫保护关联指标（CoP）是一种与保护作用存在统计学关联的免疫反应。确定肠道疫苗的免疫保护关联指标将有助于设计相关研究，以提高低收入地区已获许可疫苗的疫苗性能，并有助于对未来可能更具可负担性的正在研发的疫苗进行测试。目前，大多数现有的和正在研究的肠道疫苗都缺乏免疫保护关联指标。为了分享肠道疫苗免疫保护关联指标的最新信息，并讨论将人类黏膜免疫反应与保护作用相关联的新方法，梅里埃基金会组织了一次国际专家会议，会上通过针对细菌性和病毒性肠道病原体的案例研究对疫苗潜在的免疫保护关联指标进行了审查。专家小组得出结论，迄今为止，所有已确定的肠道疫苗免疫保护关联指标，如甲型肝炎、伤寒Vi多糖菌苗和脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗的免疫保护关联指标，均基于血清学免疫反应，尽管这些反应可能难以反映相关的肠道免疫反应或预测保护效力。霍乱、诺如病毒和轮状病毒已知的免疫保护关联指标可被视为在比较成分相似的疫苗时是可接受的，而对于其余肠道病原体及其候选疫苗，仍需要开展更多工作来确定免疫保护关联指标。将人类黏膜免疫反应与保护作用相关联的新方法包括对外周血样本在再循环过程中源自肠道的抗体分泌细胞（ASC）、B记忆细胞和滤泡辅助性T细胞进行研究。
