Liu Xing Yan, Fan Meng Lin, Wang Huai You, Yu Bo Yang, Liu Ji Hua
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
Food Funct. 2017 Jun 21;8(6):2193-2201. doi: 10.1039/c6fo01851c.
Fructus aurantii immaturus (FAI) is the dried young fruit of Citrus aurantium L. or Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the metabolic fate of FAI upon incubation with human intestinal bacteria, meanwhile to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of FAI and the transformed Fructus aurantii immaturus (TFAI). The water extract of FAI was anaerobically incubated with human intestinal bacterial suspensions for 48 h at 37 °C. Liquid chromatography-hybridised with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF/MS) was applied to identify FAI metabolites. A total of 45 compounds were identified in FAI, eleven of which were metabolized by human intestinal bacteria. Nine major metabolites were identified as eriodictyol, naringenin, hesperetin, luteolin, apigenin, chryseriol, isosakuranetin, phloretin and diosmetin. The metabolic profile of FAI was elucidated on the basis of metabolite information. We found that the concentrations of acetic, propionic and butyric acids in FAI culture were all increased during fermentation relative to those of the control. Further bioactive evaluations showed that TFAI exhibited more potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities than FAI in vitro. Additionally, in vivo experiment confirmed that FAI significantly attenuated the blood endotoxin and TNF-α levels in the conventional rats compared to those of pseudo-germ-free (PGF) rats. This study revealed that metabolites may play a key role in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of FAI.
枳实是芸香科植物酸橙Citrus aurantium L. 或甜橙Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck的干燥幼果。本文旨在研究枳实在与人体肠道细菌共孵育后的代谢命运，同时评估枳实及其转化产物（转化枳实）的抗氧化和抗炎活性。将枳实水提取物与人体肠道细菌悬液在37℃下厌氧孵育48小时。采用液相色谱 - 四极杆 - 飞行时间质谱联用技术（LC-Q-TOF/MS）鉴定枳实代谢产物。在枳实中总共鉴定出45种化合物，其中11种被人体肠道细菌代谢。9种主要代谢产物被鉴定为圣草酚、柚皮素、橙皮素、木犀草素、芹菜素、 Chryseriol、异樱花素、根皮素和香叶木素。根据代谢产物信息阐明了枳实的代谢谱。我们发现，与对照组相比，发酵过程中枳实培养物中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的浓度均有所增加。进一步的生物活性评估表明，转化枳实在体外表现出比枳实更强的抗氧化和抗炎能力。此外，体内实验证实，与伪无菌（PGF）大鼠相比，枳实显著降低了常规大鼠的血液内毒素和TNF-α水平。本研究表明，代谢产物可能在枳实的抗氧化和抗炎能力中起关键作用。
