Roesler Christian
Freiburg, Germany.
J Anal Psychol. 2017 Jun;62(3):372-394. doi: 10.1111/1468-5922.12317.
A growing number of approaches in psychotherapy make use of internet- and other media-based interactions. This paper discusses the impact on the therapist-client relationship of using media technology and gives an overview of the current state of the debate. It is suggested that the technical conditions of internet-based interactions produce new forms of social relationships that differ significantly from face-to-face-interactions and that unconscious, nonverbal cues get lost. Research on the therapeutic interaction making use of 'discourse linguistic' methods is presented. The loss of nonverbal cues has implications for psychotherapy in general and especially for the treatment of patients who have difficulties relying on a secure therapeutic relationship. Emotional security in interactional relationships is transmitted to a much greater extent by nonverbal cues than by verbal content; psychoanalytic methods are specialized to refer to this level of interaction. Two alternative scenarios are discussed based on the psychoanalytic theories of Winnicott and Lacan: the risk of an illusionary, idealized image of the other and the possibility that cyberspace can be used for psychological development as a transitional space.
心理治疗中越来越多的方法利用基于互联网和其他媒体的互动。本文讨论了使用媒体技术对治疗师与患者关系的影响，并概述了当前的辩论状况。有人认为，基于互联网互动的技术条件产生了新的社会关系形式，这些形式与面对面互动有显著差异，而且无意识的非语言线索会丢失。本文介绍了利用“话语语言学”方法对治疗互动的研究。非语言线索的丢失对一般心理治疗有影响，尤其对那些难以依赖稳固治疗关系的患者的治疗有影响。在互动关系中，情感安全感在很大程度上是通过非语言线索而非言语内容传递的；精神分析方法专门针对这一互动层面。基于温尼科特和拉康的精神分析理论，讨论了两种替代情形：对他人产生虚幻、理想化形象的风险，以及网络空间可作为过渡空间用于心理发展的可能性。
